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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance when testing and training graph data come from identical distribution. However, existing GNNs lack out-of-distribution generalization abilities so that their performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Haoyang Li , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the agnostic distribution shifts between training and testing graphs, inducing the degeneration of the generalization ability of GNNs on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) settings. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Peng Cui , Bai Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation with distribution shifts. The challenge is that distribution shifts on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Tianyi Bao , Junchi Yan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have exhibited remarkable performance under the assumption that test data comes from the same distribution of training data. However, in real-world scenarios, this assumption may not always be valid.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Kai Guo , Hongzhi Wen , Wei Jin , Yaming Guo , Jiliang Tang , Yi Chang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used for node classification tasks but often fail to generalize when training and test nodes come from different distributions, limiting their practicality. To overcome this, recent approaches adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Weihuang Zheng , Jiashuo Liu , Jiaxing Li , Jiayun Wu , Peng Cui , Youyong Kong

Graph Neural Network (GNN) has demonstrated extraordinary performance in classifying graph properties. However, due to the selection bias of training and testing data (e.g., training on small graphs and testing on large graphs, or training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Bin Lu , Xiaoying Gan , Ze Zhao , Shiyu Liang , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Deep learning on graphs has shown remarkable success across numerous applications, including social networks, bio-physics, traffic networks, and recommendation systems. Regardless of their successes, current methods frequently depend on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Itay Niv , Neta Rabin

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for machine learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation under distribution shifts. Existing graph OOD methods tend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Lei Zhu , Junyi Han , Guang Zeng , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable attention and have emerged as a new promising paradigm to process graph-structured data. GNNs are usually stacked to multiple layers and the node representations in each layer are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Yihao Chen , Xin Tang , Xianbiao Qi , Chun-Guang Li , Rong Xiao

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and their message passing framework that leverages both structural and feature information, have become a standard method for solving graph-based machine learning problems. However, these approaches still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Simon Delarue , Thomas Bonald , Tiphaine Viard

Most existing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the selection bias in data, i.e., the inconsistent distribution between the training set with test set. In reality, the test data is not even available during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Kun Kuang , Nian Liu , Bai Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the leading paradigm for solving graph analytical problems in various real-world applications. Nevertheless, GNNs could potentially render biased predictions towards certain demographic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yushun Dong , Song Wang , Jing Ma , Ninghao Liu , Jundong Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become compelling models designed to perform learning and inference on graph-structured data. However, little work has been done to understand the fundamental limitations of GNNs for scaling to larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Hyungeun Lee , Kijung Yoon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved unprecedented success in identifying categorical labels of graphs. However, most existing graph classification problems with GNNs follow the protocol of balanced data splitting, which misaligns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yu Wang , Yuying Zhao , Neil Shah , Tyler Derr

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are state-of-the-art models for performing prediction tasks on graphs. While existing GNNs have shown great performance on various tasks related to graphs, little attention has been paid to the scenario where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yu Song , Donglin Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) learn representations from network data with naturally distributed architectures, rendering them well-suited candidates for decentralized learning. Oftentimes, this decentralized graph support changes with time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Zhan Gao , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are naturally distributed architectures for learning representations from network data. This renders them suitable candidates for decentralized tasks. In these scenarios, the underlying graph often changes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Zhan Gao , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

The development and evaluation of graph neural networks (GNNs) generally follow the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption. Yet this assumption is often untenable in practice due to the uncontrollable data generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yiming Xu , Bin Shi , Zhen Peng , Huixiang Liu , Bo Dong , Chen Chen

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) are generalizations of CNNs to graph-structured data, in which convolution is guided by the graph topology. In many cases where graphs are unavailable, existing methods manually construct graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Xiang Gao , Wei Hu , Zongming Guo
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