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We present a complete classification of the deterministic distributed time complexity for a family of graph problems: binary labeling problems in trees. These are locally checkable problems that can be encoded with an alphabet of size two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Yuval Efron , Juho Hirvonen , Yannic Maus , Dennis Olivetti , Jukka Suomela

Consider any locally checkable labeling problem $\Pi$ in rooted regular trees: there is a finite set of labels $\Sigma$, and for each label $x \in \Sigma$ we specify what are permitted label combinations of the children for an internal node…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Yi-Jun Chang , Dennis Olivetti , Jan Studený , Jukka Suomela , Aleksandr Tereshchenko

Understanding the role of randomness when solving locally checkable labeling (LCL) problems in the LOCAL model has been one of the top priorities in the research on distributed graph algorithms in recent years. For LCL problems in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sebastian Brandt , Fabian Kuhn , Zahra Parsaeian

Over the past decade, a long line of research has investigated the distributed complexity landscape of locally checkable labeling (LCL) problems on bounded-degree graphs, culminating in an almost-complete classification on general graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Fabian Kuhn , Dennis Olivetti , Gustav Schmid

A graph is weakly $2$-colored if the nodes are labeled with colors black and white such that each black node is adjacent to at least one white node and vice versa. In this work we study the distributed computational complexity of weak…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Alkida Balliu , Juho Hirvonen , Dennis Olivetti , Jukka Suomela

Recent research revealed the existence of gaps in the complexity landscape of locally checkable labeling (LCL) problems in the LOCAL model of distributed computing. For example, the deterministic round complexity of any LCL problem on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yi-Jun Chang

We consider locally checkable labeling LCL problems in the LOCAL model of distributed computing. Since 2016, there has been a substantial body of work examining the possible complexities of LCL problems. For example, it has been established…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yi-Jun Chang

We give practical, efficient algorithms that automatically determine the asymptotic distributed round complexity of a given locally checkable graph problem in the $[\Theta(\log n), \Theta(n)]$ region, in two settings. We present one…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Yi-Jun Chang , Dennis Olivetti , Jan Studený , Jukka Suomela

We study a family of closely-related distributed graph problems, which we call degree splitting, where roughly speaking the objective is to partition (or orient) the edges such that each node's degree is split almost uniformly. Our findings…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Mohsen Ghaffari , Hsin-Hao Su

We investigate the connections between the fields of distributed computing and measurable combinatorics by considering complexity classes of locally checkable labeling problems on regular forests. We show that the most important…

Many graph problems are locally checkable: a solution is globally feasible if it looks valid in all constant-radius neighborhoods. This idea is formalized in the concept of locally checkable labelings (LCLs), introduced by Naor and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Alkida Balliu , Juho Hirvonen , Christoph Lenzen , Dennis Olivetti , Jukka Suomela

The complexity of distributed edge coloring depends heavily on the palette size as a function of the maximum degree $\Delta$. In this paper we explore the complexity of edge coloring in the LOCAL model in different palette size regimes. 1.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Yi-Jun Chang , Qizheng He , Wenzheng Li , Seth Pettie , Jara Uitto

We prove several new tight distributed lower bounds for classic symmetry breaking graph problems. As a basic tool, we first provide a new insightful proof that any deterministic distributed algorithm that computes a $\Delta$-coloring on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Fabian Kuhn , Dennis Olivetti

The $\Delta$-vertex coloring problem has become one of the prototypical problems for understanding the complexity of local distributed graph problems on constant-degree graphs. The major open problem is whether the problem can be solved…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Manuel Jakob , Yannic Maus

This paper is centered on the complexity of graph problems in the well-studied LOCAL model of distributed computing, introduced by Linial [FOCS '87]. It is widely known that for many of the classic distributed graph problems (including…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Mohsen Ghaffari , Fabian Kuhn , Yannic Maus

We revisit two well-studied problems, Bounded Degree Vertex Deletion and Defective Coloring, where the input is a graph $G$ and a target degree $\Delta$ and we are asked either to edit or partition the graph so that the maximum degree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Michael Lampis , Manolis Vasilakis

In this work, we present a fast distributed algorithm for local potential problems: these are graph problems where the task is to find a locally optimal solution where no node can unilaterally improve the utility in its local neighborhood…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Alkida Balliu , Thomas Boudier , Francesco d'Amore , Fabian Kuhn , Dennis Olivetti , Gustav Schmid , Jukka Suomela

The degree splitting problem requires coloring the edges of a graph red or blue such that each node has almost the same number of edges in each color, up to a small additive discrepancy. The directed variant of the problem requires…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Mohsen Ghaffari , Juho Hirvonen , Fabian Kuhn , Yannic Maus , Jukka Suomela , Jara Uitto

We study connections between distributed local algorithms, finitary factors of iid processes, and descriptive combinatorics in the context of regular trees. We extend the Borel determinacy technique of Marks coming from descriptive…

One of the fundamental open problems in the area of distributed graph algorithms is the question of whether randomization is needed for efficient symmetry breaking. While there are fast, $\text{poly}\log n$-time randomized distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Philipp Bamberger , Mohsen Ghaffari , Fabian Kuhn , Yannic Maus , Jara Uitto
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