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The tremendous potential has been demonstrated by large language models (LLMs) in intelligent decision-making problems, with unprecedented capabilities shown across diverse applications ranging from gaming AI systems to complex strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zongyuan Li , Yanan Ni , Runnan Qi , Lumin Jiang , Chang Lu , Xiaojie Xu , Xiangbei Liu , Pengfei Li , Yunzheng Guo , Zhe Ma , Huanyu Li , Hui Wu , Xian Guo , Kuihua Huang , Xuebo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning and generalization capabilities, motivating their use as decision-making policies in complex environments. StarCraft II (SC2), with its massive state-action space and partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yixin Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Yiming Rong , Haoxi Wang , Jinling Jiang , Shuang Xu , Haoran Wu , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

Since the emergence of the Large Language Model (LLM), LLM has been widely used in fields such as writing, translating, and searching. However, there is still great potential for LLM-based methods in handling complex tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zongyuan Li , Chang Lu , Xiaojie Xu , Runnan Qi , Yanan Ni , Lumin Jiang , Xiangbei Liu , Xuebo Zhang , Yongchun Fang , Kuihua Huang , Xian Guo

We present Adaptive Command, a novel framework integrating large language models (LLMs) with behavior trees for real-time strategic decision-making in StarCraft II. Our system focuses on enhancing human-AI collaboration in complex, dynamic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Weiyu Ma , Dongyu Xu , Shu Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in complex decision-making is essential for advancing AI's ability for strategic planning and real-time adaptation. However, existing benchmarks for tasks like StarCraft II fail to capture the game's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Pengbo Shen , Yaqing Wang , Ni Mu , Yao Luan , Runpeng Xie , Senhao Yang , Lexiang Wang , Hao Hu , Shuang Xu , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive action sequence prediction capabilities but often struggle with dynamic, long-horizon tasks such as real-time strategic games. In a game such as StarCraftII (SC2), agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Daechul Ahn , San Kim , Jonghyun Choi

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant accomplishments in various exploratory tasks, even surpassing the performance of traditional reinforcement learning-based methods that have historically dominated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Xiao Shao , Weifu Jiang , Fei Zuo , Mengqing Liu

StarCraft II is a complex and dynamic real-time strategy (RTS) game environment, which is very suitable for artificial intelligence and reinforcement learning research. To address the problem of Large Language Model(LLM) learning in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xiaojie Xu , Zongyuan Li , Chang Lu , Runnan Qi , Yanan Ni , Lumin Jiang , Xiangbei Liu , Xuebo Zhang , Yongchun Fang , Kuihua Huang , Xian Guo , Zhanghua Wu , Zhenya Li

Benchmarks are crucial for assessing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms. While StarCraft II-related environments have driven significant advances in MARL, existing benchmarks like SMAC focus primarily on micromanagement,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xingxing Hong , Yungong Wang , Dexin Jin , Ye Yuan , Ximing Huang , Zijian Wu , Wenxin Li

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

While deep reinforcement learning techniques have led to agents that are successfully able to learn to perform a number of tasks that had been previously unlearnable, these techniques are still susceptible to the longstanding problem of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Nicholas Waytowich , Sean L. Barton , Vernon Lawhern , Garrett Warnell

This paper introduces SC2LE (StarCraft II Learning Environment), a reinforcement learning environment based on the StarCraft II game. This domain poses a new grand challenge for reinforcement learning, representing a more difficult class of…

While deep reinforcement learning techniques have led to agents that are successfully able to learn to perform a number of tasks that had been previously unlearnable, these techniques are still susceptible to the longstanding problem of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Nicholas Waytowich , Sean L. Barton , Vernon Lawhern , Ethan Stump , Garrett Warnell

By formally defining the training processes of large language models (LLMs), which usually encompasses pre-training, supervised fine-tuning, and reinforcement learning with human feedback, within a single and unified machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yang Liu , Peng Sun , Hang Li

While large language models (LLMs) can already achieve strong performance on standard generic summarization benchmarks, their performance on more complex summarization task settings is less studied. Therefore, we benchmark LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Jiawen Chen , Yilun Zhao , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Pengfei Liu , Dragomir Radev , Chien-Sheng Wu , Arman Cohan

StarCraft II (SC2) poses a grand challenge for reinforcement learning (RL), of which the main difficulties include huge state space, varying action space, and a long time horizon. In this work, we investigate a set of RL techniques for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Ruo-Ze Liu , Zhen-Jia Pang , Zhou-Yu Meng , Wenhai Wang , Yang Yu , Tong Lu

Text summarization is a critical Natural Language Processing (NLP) task with applications ranging from information retrieval to content generation. Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown remarkable promise in enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Lochan Basyal , Mihir Sanghvi

This paper introduces LLM-MARL, a unified framework that incorporates large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to enhance coordination, communication, and generalization in simulated game environments. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhengyang Li , Sawyer Campos , Nana Wang
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