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In this article, we show that the completion problem, i.e. the decision problem whether a partial structure can be completed to a full structure, is NP-complete for many combinatorial structures. While the gadgets for most reductions in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Helena Bergold , Manfred Scheucher , Felix Schröder

The NeuroSAT neural network architecture was recently introduced for predicting properties of propositional formulae. When trained to predict the satisfiability of toy problems, it was shown to find solutions and unsatisfiable cores on its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Daniel Selsam , Nikolaj Bjørner

Generating proofs of unsatisfiability is a valuable capability of most SAT solvers, and is an active area of research for SMT solvers. This paper introduces the first method to efficiently generate proofs of unsatisfiability specifically…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Nick Feng , Alan J. Hu , Sam Bayless , Syed M. Iqbal , Patrick Trentin , Mike Whalen , Lee Pike , John Backes

This paper addresses the task of zero-shot image classification. The key contribution of the proposed approach is to control the semantic embedding of images -- one of the main ingredients of zero-shot learning -- by formulating it as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-28 Maxime Bucher , Stéphane Herbin , Frédéric Jurie

Symbolic techniques based on Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers have been proposed for analyzing and verifying neural network properties, but their usage has been fairly limited owing to their poor scalability with larger networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Subhashini Venugopalan , Li Li , Rishabh Singh , Patrick Riley

Automatic Program translation has enormous application value and hence has been attracting significant interest from AI researchers. However, we observe that current program translation models still make elementary syntax errors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mengnan Qi , Yufan Huang , Maoquan Wang , Yongqiang Yao , Zihan Liu , Bin Gu , Colin Clement , Neel Sundaresan

We introduce \textsc{MathSticks}, a benchmark for Visual Symbolic Compositional Reasoning (VSCR), which unifies visual perception, symbolic manipulation, and arithmetic consistency. Each task presents an incorrect matchstick equation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuheng Ji , Huajie Tan , Cheng Chi , Yijie Xu , Yuting Zhao , Enshen Zhou , Huaihai Lyu , Pengwei Wang , Zhongyuan Wang , Shanghang Zhang , Xiaolong Zheng

Semi-Supervised image classification is one of the most fundamental problem in computer vision, which significantly reduces the need for human labor. In this paper, we introduce a new semi-supervised learning algorithm - SimMatchV2, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Mingkai Zheng , Shan You , Lang Huang , Chen Luo , Fei Wang , Chen Qian , Chang Xu

In this paper, we present our solution for SMART-101 Challenge of CVPR Multi-modal Algorithmic Reasoning Task 2024. Unlike traditional visual questions and answer tasks, this challenge evaluates abstraction, deduction and generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zijian Zhang , Wei Liu

How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be made intrinsic to the system, rather than just parasitic on the meanings in our heads? How can the meanings of the meaningless symbol tokens, manipulated solely on the basis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Stevan Harnad

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful new language of science as evidenced by recent Nobel Prizes in chemistry and physics that recognized contributions to AI applied to those areas. Yet, this new language lacks semantics, which makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Simon Odense

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in general, and deep learning in particular have reached unprecedented impact not only across research communities, but also over popular media channels. However, concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Marco Gori , Luis C. Lamb , Luciano Serafini , Michael Spranger , Son N. Tran

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in the area of computer vision. The disparity estimation problem tends to be addressed by DNNs which achieve much better prediction accuracy in stereo matching than traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Shizhen Zheng , Kaiyong Zhao , Xiaowen Chu

Humans are able to explain their reasoning. On the contrary, deep neural networks are not. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by introducing a new way to design interpretable neural networks for classification, inspired by physiological…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-20 Shane Barratt

In many real-world datasets, like WebVision, the performance of DNN based classifier is often limited by the noisy labeled data. To tackle this problem, some image related side information, such as captions and tags, often reveal underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Lele Cheng , Xiangzeng Zhou , Liming Zhao , Dangwei Li , Hong Shang , Yun Zheng , Pan Pan , Yinghui Xu

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem, the first problem proven to be NP-complete, has become a fundamental challenge in computational complexity, with widespread applications in optimization and verification across many domains. Despite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Curie Kim , Carsten Portner , Mingju Liu , Steve Dai , Haoxing Ren , Brucek Khailany , Alvaro Velasquez , Ismail Alkhouri , Cunxi Yu

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in human-AI collaborative decision-making hinges on their ability to provide trustworthy, gradual, and tailored explanations. Solving complex puzzles, such as Sudoku, offers a canonical example of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anirudh Maiya , Razan Alghamdi , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Ashutosh Trivedi , Fabio Somenzi

The challenges of solving complex university-level mathematics problems, particularly those from MIT, and Columbia University courses, and selected tasks from the MATH dataset, remain a significant obstacle in the field of artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Eishkaran Singh , Tanav Singh Bajaj , Siddharth Nayak

Optimal symbol detection for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is known to be an NP-hard problem. Conventional heuristic algorithms are either too complex to be practical or suffer from poor performance. Recently, several…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Mathieu Goutay , Fayçal Ait Aoudia , Jakob Hoydis

Recent advancements, such as DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and Kimina-Prover-Preview-72B, demonstrate a prevailing trend in leveraging reinforcement learning (RL)-based large-scale training for automated theorem proving. Surprisingly, we discover…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chenrui Cao , Liangcheng Song , Zenan Li , Xinyi Le , Xian Zhang , Hui Xue , Fan Yang