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One of the challenges of aligning large models with human preferences lies in both the data requirements and the technical complexities of current approaches. Predominant methods, such as RLHF, involve multiple steps, each demanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Siliang Zeng , Yao Liu , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis , Mingyi Hong , Rasool Fakoor

Preference learning algorithms (e.g., RLHF and DPO) are frequently used to steer LLMs to produce generations that are more preferred by humans, but our understanding of their inner workings is still limited. In this work, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Angelica Chen , Sadhika Malladi , Lily H. Zhang , Xinyi Chen , Qiuyi Zhang , Rajesh Ranganath , Kyunghyun Cho

As large language models increasingly drive real-world applications, aligning them with human values becomes paramount. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique, translating preference data into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yunzhen Feng , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Kunhao Zheng , Julia Kempe , Yaqi Duan

This work studies the alignment of large language models with preference data from an imitation learning perspective. We establish a close theoretical connection between reinforcement learning from human feedback RLHF and imitation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Teng Xiao , Yige Yuan , Mingxiao Li , Zhengyu Chen , Vasant G Honavar

Despite recent advances in Large Video Language Models (LVLMs), they still struggle with fine-grained temporal understanding, hallucinate, and often make simple mistakes on even simple video question-answering tasks, all of which pose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pritam Sarkar , Ali Etemad

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a cornerstone technique for post-training large language models. While most existing approaches rely on the reverse KL-regularization, recent empirical studies have begun…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Di Wu , Chengshuai Shi , Jing Yang , Cong Shen

The technique of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a commonly employed method to improve pre-trained Language Models (LM), enhancing their ability to conform to human preferences. Nevertheless, the current RLHF-based LMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Han Zhang , Lin Gui , Yuanzhao Zhai , Hui Wang , Yu Lei , Ruifeng Xu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effectiveness for aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences. Although Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is widely adopted for its computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jiamu Bai , Xin Yu , Meilong Xu , Weitao Lu , Xin Pan , Kiwan Maeng , Daniel Kifer , Jian Wang , Yu Wang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has achieved impressive empirical successes while relying on a small amount of human feedback. However, there is limited theoretical justification for this phenomenon. Additionally, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yihan Du , Anna Winnicki , Gal Dalal , Shie Mannor , R. Srikant

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become an important technical and storytelling tool to deploy the latest machine learning systems. In this book, we hope to give a gentle introduction to the core methods for people with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nathan Lambert

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key enabling technology for aligning AI behaviour with human preferences. The traditional way to collect data in RLHF is via pairwise comparisons: human raters are asked to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jan Kompatscher , Danqing Shi , Giovanna Varni , Tino Weinkauf , Antti Oulasvirta

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become an essential step in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to align them with human preferences. However, human labelers are selfish and have diverse preferences. They may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

In practice, preference learning from human feedback depends on incomplete data with hidden context. Hidden context refers to data that affects the feedback received, but which is not represented in the data used to train a preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Anand Siththaranjan , Cassidy Laidlaw , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is increasingly used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, the effectiveness of RLHF in addressing underlying biases remains unclear. This study investigates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Logan Barnhart , Reza Akbarian Bafghi , Stephen Becker , Maziar Raissi

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is an essential technique for ensuring that large language models (LLMs) are aligned with human values and preferences during the post-training phase. As an effective RLHF approach, group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zonglin Yang , Zhexuan Gu , Houduo Qi , Yancheng Yuan

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aligns language models to human preferences by employing a singular reward model derived from preference data. However, such an approach overlooks the rich diversity of human preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Souradip Chakraborty , Jiahao Qiu , Hui Yuan , Alec Koppel , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi , Mengdi Wang

Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), as a widely adopted approach in current large language model pipelines, is \textit{bottlenecked by the size of human preference data}. While traditional methods rely on offline preference…

To improve human-preference alignment training, current research has developed numerous preference datasets consisting of preference pairs labeled as "preferred" or "dispreferred". These preference pairs are typically used to encode human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chenglong Wang , Yang Gan , Yifu Huo , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Murun Yang , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely used approach to align large-scale AI systems with human values. However, RLHF typically assumes a single, universal reward, which overlooks diverse preferences and limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Gihoon Kim , Euntai Kim

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a cornerstone of the training and alignment pipeline for large language models (LLMs). Recent advances, such as direct preference optimization (DPO), have simplified the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Syrine Belakaria , Joshua Kazdan , Charles Marx , Chris Cundy , Willie Neiswanger , Sanmi Koyejo , Barbara E. Engelhardt , Stefano Ermon