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Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), which aims to extract user semantics to execute downstream tasks, is a crucial component of task-oriented dialog systems. Existing SLU datasets generally lack sufficient diversity and complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yuezhang Peng , Chonghao Cai , Ziang Liu , Shuai Fan , Sheng Jiang , Hua Xu , Yuxin Liu , Qiguang Chen , Kele Xu , Yao Li , Sheng Wang , Libo Qin , Xie Chen

Small language models (SLMs; 1-12B params, sometimes up to 20B) are sufficient and often superior for agentic workloads where the objective is schema- and API-constrained accuracy rather than open-ended generation. We synthesize recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta

Text-to-SQL is a task to generate SQL queries from human utterances. However, due to the variation of natural language, two semantically equivalent utterances may appear differently in the lexical level. Likewise, user preferences (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Recent advancements in Text-to-SQL have pushed database management systems towards greater democratization of data access. Today's language models are at the core of these advancements. They enable impressive Text-to-SQL generation as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Karime Maamari , Amine Mhedhbi

Large language models have driven major advances in Text-to-SQL generation. However, they suffer from high computational cost, long latency, and data privacy concerns, which make them impractical for many real-world applications. A natural…

Natural language to SQL translation (Text-to-SQL) is one of the long-standing problems that has recently benefited from advances in Large Language Models (LLMs). While most academic Text-to-SQL benchmarks request schema description as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rajpreet Singh , Novak Boškov , Lawrence Drabeck , Aditya Gudal , Manzoor A. Khan

LLMs are effective at code generation tasks like text-to-SQL, but is it worth the cost? Many state-of-the-art approaches use non-task-specific LLM techniques including Chain-of-Thought (CoT), self-consistency, and fine-tuning. These methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yusuf Denizay Dönder , Derek Hommel , Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno , Unso Eun Seo Jo

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language questions into executable SQL queries, and recent progress with large language models (LLMs) has driven substantial improvements in this task. Schema linking remains a critical component in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 AmirHossein Safdarian , Milad Mohammadi , Ehsan Jahanbakhsh , Mona Shahamat Naderi , Heshaam Faili

We present HES-SQL, a novel hybrid training framework that advances Text-to-SQL generation through the integration of thinking-mode-fused supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Our approach introduces…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Suming Qiu , Jing Li , Zhicheng Zhou , Junjie Huang , Linyuan Qiu , Zhijie Sun

Text-to-SQL aims to convert natural language questions into executable SQL queries. While previous approaches, such as skeleton-masked selection, have demonstrated strong performance by retrieving similar training examples to guide large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jimin Lee , Ingeol Baek , Byeongjeong Kim , Hyunkyung Bae , Hwanhee Lee

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shizheng Hou , Wenqi Pei , Nuo Chen , Quang-Trung Ta , Peng Lu , Beng Chin Ooi

Table understanding requires structured, multi-step reasoning. Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with it due to the structural complexity of tabular data. Recently, multi-agent frameworks for SQL generation have shown promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Songyuan Sui , Hongyi Liu , Serena Liu , Li Li , Soo-Hyun Choi , Rui Chen , Xia Hu

Given a table T in a database and a question Q in natural language, the table question answering (TQA) task aims to return an accurate answer to Q based on the content of T. Recent state-of-the-art solutions leverage large language models…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yangfan Jiang , Fei Wei , Ergute Bao , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Yin Yang , Xiaokui Xiao

Text-to-SQL has emerged as a prominent research area, particularly with the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs). By enabling users to query databases through natural language rather than SQL, this technology significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yu-Jie Yang , Hung-Fu Chang , Po-An Chen

Text-to-SQL translates natural language queries into Structured Query Language (SQL) commands, enabling users to interact with databases using natural language. Essentially, the text-to-SQL task is a text generation task, and its…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiaohu Zhu , Qian Li , Lizhen Cui , Yongkang Liu

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have largely focused on the SQLite dialect, neglecting the diverse landscape of SQL dialects like BigQuery and PostgreSQL. This limitation is due to the diversity in SQL syntaxes and functions, along with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Ruoxi Sun , Hailong Li , Lesly Miculicich , Tomas Pfister , Sercan O. Arik

NoSQL databases have become increasingly popular due to their outstanding performance in handling large-scale, unstructured, and semi-structured data, highlighting the need for user-friendly interfaces to bridge the gap between…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jinwei Lu , Yuanfeng Song , Zhiqian Qin , Haodi Zhang , Chen Zhang , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong

Generative language models have shown significant potential in single-turn Text-to-SQL. However, their performance does not extend equivalently to multi-turn Text-to-SQL. This is primarily due to generative language models' inadequacy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bingfeng Chen , Shaobin Shi , Yongqi Luo , Boyan Xu , Ruichu Cai , Zhifeng Hao

Autonomous coding agents can produce strong tabular baselines quickly on Kaggle-style tasks. Practical value depends on end-to-end correctness and reliability under time limits. This paper introduces TML-Bench, a tabular benchmark for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Mykola Pinchuk

Recent advances in text-to-SQL systems have been driven by larger models and improved datasets, yet progress is still limited by the scarcity of high-quality training data. Manual data creation is expensive, and existing synthetic methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Marko Sterbentz , Kevin Cushing , Cameron Barrie , Kristian J. Hammond
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