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We introduce a decoding framework for correlated errors in quantum LDPC codes under circuit-level noise. The core of our approach is a graph augmentation and rewiring for interference (GARI) method, which modifies the correlated detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Francisco-Garcia Herrero , Alexandru Paler , Valentin Savin

In this paper, we propose an efficient method to reduce error floors in quantum error correction using non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We identify and classify cycle structures in the parity-check matrix where estimated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Kenta Kasai

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

The error correction performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes under iterative message-passing decoding is degraded by the presence of certain harmful objects existing in their Tanner graph representation. Depending on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Massimo Battaglioni , Franco Chiaraluce , Marco Baldi , David Mitchell

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are linear error correcting codes used in communication systems for Forward Error Correction (FEC). But, intensive computation is required for encoding and decoding of LDPC codes, making it difficult…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Bhargav Gokalgandhi , Ivan Seskar

Iterative decoder failures of quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) codes are attributed to substructures in the code's graph, known as trapping sets, as well as degenerate errors that can arise in quantum codes. Failure inducing sets…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Kirsten D. Morris , Tefjol Pllaha , Christine A. Kelley

Quantum error correction is an indispensable ingredient for scalable quantum computing. In this Perspective we discuss a particular class of quantum codes called low-density parity-check (LDPC) quantum codes. The codes we discuss are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Jens Niklas Eberhardt

Finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAID) with multilevel messages that can surpass BP in the error floor region for LDPC codes on the BSC were previously proposed. In this paper, we propose decimation-enhanced decoders. The technique of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-07 Shiva Kumar Planjery , Bane Vasic , David Declercq

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but degeneracy is known to impair the convergence of belief-propagation (BP) decoding of these codes. In this work, we show…

We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes based on neural belief propagation (BP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al.. While this method significantly outperforms conventional BP decoding, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Andreas Buchberger , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister , Laurent Schmalen , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Due to their fast decoding algorithms, quantum generalizations of low-density parity check, or LDPC, codes have been investigated as a solution to the problem of decoherence in fragile quantum states. However, the additional twisted inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Jacob Farinholt

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are quantum stabilizer codes where each stabilizer acts on a constant number of qubits and each qubit is acted on by a constant number of stabilizers. We study qLDPC codes constructed from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Ting-Chun Lin , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Iterative decoders used for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) and moderate-density parity-check (MDPC) codes are not characterized by a deterministic decoding radius and their error rate performance is usually assessed through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Paolo Santini , Massimo Battaglioni , Marco Baldi , Franco Chiaraluce

The "Divide and Concur'' (DC) algorithm, recently introduced by Gravel and Elser, can be considered a competitor to the belief propagation (BP) algorithm, in that both algorithms can be applied to a wide variety of constraint satisfaction,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-13 Jonathan S. Yedidia , Yige Wang , Stark C. Draper

Belief propagation (BP) is a classical algorithm that approximates the marginal distribution associated with a factor graph by passing messages between adjacent nodes in the graph. It gained popularity in the 1990's as a powerful decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 S. Brandsen , Avijit Mandal , Henry D. Pfister

We propose the use of certain low-density generator-matrix (LDGM) codes as syndrome measurement (SM) codes for quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes. We use an efficient progressive-edge-growth-like algorithm to create LDGM SM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Eren Guttentag , Anthony Gómez-Fonseca

Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative decoding algorithm for polar codes which can be parallelized effectively to achieve higher throughput. However, because of the presence of error floor due to cycles and stopping sets in the factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Decoding Bivariate Bicycle (BB) quantum error correction codes typically requires Belief Propagation (BP) followed by Ordered Statistics Decoding (OSD) post-processing when BP fails to converge. Whether BP will converge on a given syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Anton Pakhunov

We present the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction algorithm adapted for the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol in a form readily applied by developers. A sparse parity check matrix is required for the LDPC…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-03 Alan Mink , Anastase Nakassis

This paper presents an enhanced belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm and a reinforcement learning-based BP decoding algorithm for polar codes. The enhanced BP algorithm weighs each Processing Element (PE) input based on their signals…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-02 L. M. Oliveira , R. M. Oliveira , R. C. de Lamare