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Can robustness against experimental imperfections and noise be embedded into a quantum simulation? In this paper, we report on a special case in which this is possible. A spin chain can be engineered such that, in the absence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-15 Alastair Kay

Extensive quantum error correction is necessary in order to perform a useful computation on a noisy quantum computer. Moreover, quantum error correction must be implemented based on imperfect parity check measurements that may return…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Nicolas Delfosse , Ben W. Reichardt , Krysta M. Svore

Secure quantum networks are a bedrock requirement for developing a future quantum internet. However, quantum channels are susceptible to channel noise that introduce errors in the transmitted data. The traditional approach to providing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

Practical quantum computation heavily relies on the ability to perform quantum error correction in a fault-tolerant manner. Fault-tolerant encoding is a critical first step, and careful consideration of the error correction cycle that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Andrea Rodriguez-Blanco , Ho Nam Nguyen , K. Birgitta Whaley

We analyze the latency of fault-tolerant quantum computing based on the 9-qubit Bacon-Shor code using a local, two-dimensional architecture. We embed the data qubits in a 7 by 7 array of physical qubits, where the extra qubits are used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-29 Federico M. Spedalieri , Vwani P. Roychowdhury

It is not so well-known that measurement-free quantum error correction protocols can be designed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite the potential advantages of using such protocols in terms of the relaxation of accuracy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-02 Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Gavin K. Brennen , Jason Twamley

In the current thesis we first talk about the six-qubit quantum error-correcting code and show its connections to entanglement-assisted error-correcting coding theory and then to subsystem codes. This code bridges the gap between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-04 Bilal A. Shaw

Steane's seven-qubit quantum code is a natural choice for fault-tolerance experiments because it is small and just two extra qubits are enough to correct errors. However, the two-qubit error-correction technique, known as "flagged" syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-07 Ben W. Reichardt

We analyze the continuous operation of the nine-qubit error correcting Bacon-Shor code with all noncommuting gauge operators measured at the same time. The error syndromes are continuously monitored using cross-correlations of sets of three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Juan Atalaya , Alexander N. Korotkov , K. Birgitta Whaley

Steane code is one of the most widely studied quantum error-correction codes, which is a natural choice for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). However, the original Steane code is not fault-tolerant because the CNOT gates in an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Qiqing Xia , Huiqin Xie , Li Yang

The storage and processing of quantum information are susceptible to external noise, resulting in computational errors that are inherently continuous A powerful method to suppress these effects is to use quantum error correction. Typically,…

The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

The realization of quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for reaching the full potential of fault-tolerant universal quantum computation. Using a range of different schemes, logical qubits can be redundantly encoded in a set…

These notes introduce quantum computation and quantum error correction, emphasising the importance of stabilisers and the mathematical foundations in basic Lie theory. We begin by using the double cover map $\mathrm{SU}_2 \rightarrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Mark Wildon

We develop a scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation based on asymmetric Bacon-Shor codes, which works effectively against highly biased noise dominated by dephasing. We find the optimal Bacon-Shor block size as a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-08 Peter Brooks , John Preskill

We describe the popular BB84 protocol and critically examine its security proof as presented by Shor and Preskill. The proof requires the use of quantum error correcting codes called the Calderbank-Shor-Steanne (CSS) quantum codes. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 Ramesh Bhandari

Quantum error correction enables the preservation of logical qubits with a lower logical error rate than the physical error rate, with performance depending on the decoding method. Traditional error decoding approaches, relying on the…

In the shallow sub-threshold regime, fault-tolerant quantum computation requires a tremendous amount of qubits. In this paper, we study the error correction in the deep sub-threshold regime. We estimate the physical error rate for achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Dawei Jiao , Ying Li

In this work we discuss the ability of different types of ancillas to control the decoherence of a qubit interacting with an environment. The error is introduced into the numerical simulation via a depolarizing isotropic channel. After the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Pedro J. Salas , Angel L. Sanz

We explore what the integrated use of quantum spatial distribution (QSD), or more specifically, superposition of both spin and position states of particles, and gauge symmetry (GS) within stabilizer formalism provides for quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Ryo Asaka