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Mobile apps provide new opportunities to people with disabilities to act independently in the world. Motivated by this trend, researchers have conducted empirical studies by using the inaccessibility issue rate of each page (i.e., screen…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Sen Chen , Chunyang Chen , Lingling Fan , Mingming Fan , Xian Zhan , Yang Liu

Automated GUI testing is crucial in ensuring that presentation logic behaves as expected. However, existing tools often apply end-to-end approaches and face challenges such as high specification efforts, maintenance difficulties, and flaky…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Mario Fuksa , Sandro Speth , Steffen Becker

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies offer immersive user experiences across various domains, but present unique testing challenges compared to traditional software. Existing VR testing approaches enable scene navigation and interaction…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ruizhen Gu , José Miguel Rojas , Donghwan Shin

Background. Evidence suggests that mobile applications are not thoroughly tested as their desktop counterparts. In particular GUI testing is generally limited. Like web-based applications, mobile apps suffer from GUI test fragility, i.e.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Riccardo Coppola , Maurizio Morisio , Marco Torchiano

Individuals with tetraplegia and similar forms of paralysis suffer physically and emotionally due to a lack of autonomy. To help regain part of this autonomy, assistive robotic arms have been shown to increase living independence. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Emanuel Nunez Sardinha , Marcela Munera , Nancy Zook , David Western , Virginia Ruiz Garate

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

GUI agents drive applications through their visual interfaces instead of programmatic APIs, interacting with arbitrary software via taps, swipes, and keystrokes, reaching a long tail of applications that CLI-based agents cannot. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Fei Tang , Zhiqiong Lu , Boxuan Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

GUI testing is an essential quality assurance process in mobile app development. However, the creation and maintenance of GUI tests for mobile apps are resource-intensive and costly. Recognizing that many apps share similar functionalities,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Xiaolei Li , Jialun Cao , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung , Hailong Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled autonomous GUI agents that translate natural language instructions into executable screen coordinates. However, grounding performance degrades in high-resolution interfaces, where dense layouts and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruilin Yao , Shegnwu Xiong , Tianyu Zou , Shili Xiong , Yi Rong

Smartphones have significantly enhanced our daily learning, communication, and entertainment, becoming an essential component of modern life. However, certain populations, including the elderly and individuals with disabilities, encounter…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kelin Fu , Yang Tian , Kaigui Bian

This is the preprint version of our paper on IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2015. A touch-less interaction technology on vision based wearable device is designed and evaluated. Users interact with the application with dynamic hands/feet…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Zhihan Lv , Liangbing Feng , Shengzhong Feng , Haibo Li

This research proposes Finger Based Technique (FBT) for non-visual touch screen device interaction designed for blind users. Based on the proposed technique, the blind user can access virtual keys based on finger holding positions. Three…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Mohammed Fakrudeen , Sufian Yousef , Mahdi H. Miraz , AbdelRahman Hamza Hussein

The assurance of mobile app GUI has become increasingly important, as the GUI serves as the primary medium of interaction between users and apps. Although numerous automated GUI testing approaches have been developed with diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shengcheng Yu , Yuchen Ling , Chunrong Fang , Quan Zhou , Yi Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Shaomin Zhu , Zhenyu Chen

The rapid development of GUI foundation models and mobile GUI agents has spurred numerous evaluation benchmarks, yet most rely on simulated environments or open-source applications, leaving real-world closed-source applications largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yifan Sui , Xin Huang , Hongbing Li , Fang Xu , Jiahe Lv , Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Litao Liu , Zhimin Fan , Ziyang Meng , Jia Wang , Junbo Qi , Kaijun Tan , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Osamu Yoshie

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding models are crucial for enabling intelligent agents to understand and interact with complex visual interfaces. However, these models face significant robustness challenges in real-world scenarios due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Haoren Zhao , Tianyi Chen , Zhen Wang

Robot-assisted surgery is rapidly developing in the medical field, and the integration of augmented reality shows the potential of improving the surgeons' operation performance by providing more visual information. In this paper, we…

The importance of mobile application (app) quality insurance is increasing with the rapid development of the mobile Internet. Automated test generation approaches, as a dominant direction of app quality insurance, follow specific models or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Mingzhe Du , Zimin Ding , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Random GUI testing is a widely-used technique for testing mobile apps. However, its effectiveness is limited by the notorious issue -- UI exploration tarpits, where the exploration is trapped in local UI regions, thus impeding test coverage…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengqian Xu , Yiheng Xiong , Le Chang , Ting Su , Chengcheng Wan , Weikai Miao

Most visual grounding solutions primarily focus on realistic images. However, applications involving synthetic images, such as Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), remain limited. This restricts the development of autonomous computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 El Hassane Ettifouri , Jessica López Espejel , Laura Minkova , Tassnim Dardouri , Walid Dahhane

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu