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Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

With the ever-increasing popularity of pretrained Video-Language Models (VidLMs), there is a pressing need to develop robust evaluation methodologies that delve deeper into their visio-linguistic capabilities. To address this challenge, we…

The increasing prevalence of software bugs has made automated program repair (APR) a key research focus. Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for APR, but existing studies mostly rely on smaller, earlier-generation models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jiajun Sun , Fengjie Li , Xinzhu Qi , Hongyu Zhang , Jiajun Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in tasks requiring interpretive and inferential accuracy. In this paper, we introduce ExpliCa, a new dataset for evaluating LLMs in explicit causal reasoning. ExpliCa uniquely integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Martina Miliani , Serena Auriemma , Alessandro Bondielli , Emmanuele Chersoni , Lucia Passaro , Irene Sucameli , Alessandro Lenci

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Giuseppe Samo , Paola Merlo

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

The exponential increase in scientific literature and online information necessitates efficient methods for extracting knowledge from textual data. Natural language processing (NLP) plays a crucial role in addressing this challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhyar Rzgar K. Rostam , Gábor Kertész

Existing large language models show disparate capability across different languages, due to the imbalance in the training data. Their performances on English tasks are often stronger than on tasks of other languages. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Wenhao Zhu , Yunzhe Lv , Qingxiu Dong , Fei Yuan , Jingjing Xu , Shujian Huang , Lingpeng Kong , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents that reason over external APIs to perform complex tasks. However, their reliability and agreement remain poorly characterized. We present a unified benchmarking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eyhab Al-Masri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to semi-automate some process mining (PM) analyses. While commercial models are already adequate for many analytics tasks, the competitive level of open-source LLMs in PM tasks is unknown. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Alessandro Berti , Humam Kourani , Wil M. P. van der Aalst

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are increasingly applied to scientific research, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably understand and reason over the multimodal complexity of papers. A central challenge lies in detecting and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lukas Selch , Yufang Hou , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Sivan Doveh , James Glass , Rogerio Feris , Wei Lin

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have achieved superhuman performance on many benchmarks, creating a need for harder tasks. We introduce CoDA21 (Context Definition Alignment), a challenging benchmark that measures natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Lütfi Kerem Senel , Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

For multilingual factual knowledge assessment of LLMs, benchmarks such as MLAMA use template translations that do not take into account the grammatical and semantic information of the named entities inserted in the sentence. This leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kirill Semenov , Rico Sennrich

Recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to process extremely long text. Many works only evaluate LLMs' long-text processing ability on the language modeling task, with perplexity (PPL) as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Yutong Hu , Quzhe Huang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yansong Feng

This study introduces a framework for evaluating consistency in large language model (LLM) binary text classification, addressing the lack of established reliability assessment methods. Adapting psychometric principles, we determine sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fadel M. Megahed , Ying-Ju Chen , L. Allision Jones-Farmer , Younghwa Lee , Jiawei Brooke Wang , Inez M. Zwetsloot

We propose an alternate approach to quantifying how well language models learn natural language: we ask how well they match the statistical tendencies of natural language. To answer this question, we analyze whether text generated from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Clara Meister , Ryan Cotterell

Information about pretraining corpora used to train the current best-performing language models is seldom discussed: commercial models rarely detail their data, and even open models are often released without accompanying training data or…

Multilingual Large Language Models (mLLMs) leaderboards report per-language accuracy but rarely explain why disparities emerge, leaving systemic biases unattributed and offering practitioners no actionable levers. We first establish that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Manan Uppadhyay , Prashant Kodali , Pranjal Chitale , Reshma Ramaprasad , Himanshu Beniwal , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Models (LLMs), often show strong performance on English tasks, while exhibiting limitations on other languages. What is an LLM's multilingual capability when it is trained only on certain languages? The underlying mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Yuan , Shuai Yuan , Zhiyong Wu , Lei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of machine learning, yet current benchmarks often fall short in capturing the diverse behavior of these models in real-world applications. A benchmark's usefulness is determined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Ravi Raju , Swayambhoo Jain , Bo Li , Jonathan Li , Urmish Thakker