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In this article, we compare in detail the linear and nonlinear approach to the Gravitational Waves Displacement and Velocity Memory (GWDM and GWVM) effects. We consider astrophysical situations that give rise to gravitational waves with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Lydia Bieri , Alexander Polnarev

The nonlinear memory effect is a fascinating prediction of general relativity (GR), in which oscillatory gravitational-wave (GW) signals are generically accompanied by a monotonically-increasing strain which persists in the detector long…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-23 Alexander C. Jenkins , Mairi Sakellariadou

A likely source of a gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the frequency band of the Advanced LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA detectors is the superposition of signals from the population of unresolvable stellar-mass binary-black-hole (BBH) mergers…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-24 Jessica Lawrence , Kevin Turbang , Andrew Matas , Arianna I. Renzini , Nick van Remortel , Joseph D. Romano

In this study, we investigate the role of the non-linear memory effect in gravitational wave (GW) parameter estimation, particularly we explore its capability to break the degeneracy between luminosity distance and inclination angle in…

Full, non-linear general relativity predicts a memory effect for gravitational waves. For compact binary coalescence, the total gravitational memory serves as an inferred observable, conceptually on the same footing as the mass and the spin…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-17 Neev Khera , Badri Krishnan , Abhay Ashtekar , Tommaso De Lorenzo

One of the most ambitious goals of gravitational-wave astronomy is to observe the stochastic gravitational-wave background. Correlated noise in two or more detectors can introduce a systematic error, which limits the sensitivity of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-27 Eric Thrane , Nelson Christensen , Robert Schofield

The problem of the detection and mapping of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), either of cosmological or astrophysical origin, bears a strong semblance to the analysis of CMB anisotropy and polarization. The basic statistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 Sanjit Mitra , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Tarun Souradeep , Albert Lazzarini , Vuk Mandic , Sukanta Bose , Stefan Ballmer

Gravitational waves have predominantly been detected using interferometric techniques, with standard approaches limited to 10 kHz and with modern advancements extending this bound to 300 kHz. To explore the largely uncharted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Eduard Atonga , Ramy Aboushelbaya , Peter A. Norreys

Gravitational-wave experiments with interferometers and with resonant masses can search for stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves of cosmological origin. We review both experimental and theoretical aspects of the search for these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Michele Maggiore

In GW150914, approximately $3M_{\odot}$ were radiated away as gravitational waves from the binary black hole system as it merged. The stress energy of the gravitational wave itself causes a nonlinear memory effect in the detectors here on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-27 Aaron D. Johnson , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Andrew Osborne , Alex Hixon , Daniel Kennefick

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a rich resource of cosmological information, encoded both in its source statistics and anisotropies induced by propagation effects. We provide a theoretical description of it, without…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-17 Alice Garoffolo

We present a time-frequency method to detect gravitational wave signals in interferometric data. This robust method can detect signals from poorly modeled and unmodeled sources. We evaluate the method on simulated data containing noise and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Warren G. Anderson , R. Balasubramanian

The detection of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is among the leading scientific goals of the space-borne gravitational wave observatory, which would have significant impact on astrophysics and fundamental physics. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Yi-Ming Hu , Zheng-Cheng Liang , Jian-dong Zhang , Jianwei Mei

As a consequence of the extreme precision of the measurements it performs, an interferometric gravitational wave detector is a macroscopic apparatus for which quantum effects are not negligible. I observe that this property can be exploited…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia

It was recently suggested that the magnetic component of Gravitational Waves (GWs) is relevant in the evaluation of frequency response functions of gravitational interferometers. In this paper we extend the analysis to the magnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-15 C. Corda , S. A. Ali , C. Cafaro

The nonlinear gravitational-wave (GW) memory effect$\unicode{x2014}$a permanent shift in the GW strain that arises from nonlinear GW interactions in the wave zone$\unicode{x2014}$is a prediction of general relativity which has not yet been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-01 Arwa Elhashash , David A. Nichols

We carry out a theoretical investigation on the collective dynamics of an ensemble of correlated atoms, subject to both vacuum fluctuations of spacetime and stochastic gravitational waves. A general approach is taken with the derivation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-20 Diego A. Quinones , Teodora Oniga , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe , Charles H. -T. Wang

Beyond individually resolvable gravitational wave events such as binary black hole and binary neutron star mergers, the superposition of many more weak signals coming from a multitude of sources is expected to contribute to an overall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-14 Nick van Remortel , Kamiel Janssens , Kevin Turbang

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black holes (BBHs) has allowed the theory of general relativity to be tested in a previously unstudied regime: that of strong curvature and high GW luminosities. One distinctive and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-29 Oliver M. Boersma , David A. Nichols , Patricia Schmidt

Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGWs), second-order tensor modes sourced by first-order scalar fluctuations in General Relativity (GR), are expected to contribute to the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-11 Anjali Abirami Kugarajh , Marisol Traforetti , Andrea Maselli , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone