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In this paper, we study the prediction of a real-valued target, such as a risk score or recidivism rate, while guaranteeing a quantitative notion of fairness with respect to a protected attribute such as gender or race. We call this class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Alekh Agarwal , Miroslav Dudík , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Minimizing risk with fairness constraints is one of the popular approaches to learning a fair classifier. Recent works showed that this approach yields an unfair classifier if the training set is corrupted. In this work, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Changhun Jo , Jy-yong Sohn , Kangwook Lee

Fairness in classification tasks has traditionally focused on bias removal from neural representations, but recent trends favor algorithmic methods that embed fairness into the training process. These methods steer models towards fair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Leon Eshuijs , Shihan Wang , Antske Fokkens

Class imbalance in real-world data poses a common bottleneck for machine learning tasks, since achieving good generalization on under-represented examples is often challenging. Mitigation strategies, such as under or oversampling the data…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Emanuele Loffredo , Mauro Pastore , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

Due to the recent cases of algorithmic bias in data-driven decision-making, machine learning methods are being put under the microscope in order to understand the root cause of these biases and how to correct them. Here, we consider a basic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-25 L. Elisa Celis , Amit Deshpande , Tarun Kathuria , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Numerous algorithms have been produced for the fundamental problem of clustering under many different notions of fairness. Perhaps the most common family of notions currently studied is group fairness, in which proportional group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Seyed A. Esmaeili , Sharmila Duppala , John P. Dickerson , Brian Brubach

Algorithmic fairness plays an increasingly critical role in machine learning research. Several group fairness notions and algorithms have been proposed. However, the fairness guarantee of existing fair classification methods mainly depends…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Recently there has been sustained interest in modifying prediction algorithms to satisfy fairness constraints. These constraints are typically complex nonlinear functionals of the observed data distribution. Focusing on the path-specific…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-15 Razieh Nabi , Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser

Data-driven predictive solutions predominant in commercial applications tend to suffer from biases and stereotypes, which raises equity concerns. Prediction models may discover, use, or amplify spurious correlations based on gender or other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Abdelrahman Zayed , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Goncalo Mordido , Hamid Palangi , Samira Shabanian , Sarath Chandar

To ensure unbiased and ethical automated predictions, fairness must be a core principle in machine learning applications. Fairness in machine learning aims to mitigate biases present in the training data and model imperfections that could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jan Pablo Burgard , João Vitor Pamplona

In Machine Learning, an accepted definition of fairness of a decision taken by a classifier is that it should not depend on protected features, such as gender. Unfortunately, when constraints exist between features, such dependencies can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Martin C. Cooper , Imane Bousdira

Labeled datasets reflect the biases of their annotation pipelines, which sometimes introduce label bias: group-conditional label errors that cause systematic performance disparities across demographic subgroups. Label bias in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Aditya Parikh , Stella Frank , Sneha Das , Aasa Feragen

Machine Learning techniques have become pervasive across a range of different applications, and are now widely used in areas as disparate as recidivism prediction, consumer credit-risk analysis and insurance pricing. The prevalence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Michael Varley , Vaishak Belle

Data and algorithms have the potential to produce and perpetuate discrimination and disparate treatment. As such, significant effort has been invested in developing approaches to defining, detecting, and eliminating unfair outcomes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Alexander Asemota , Giles Hooker

Data-driven software is increasingly being used as a critical component of automated decision-support systems. Since this class of software learns its logic from historical data, it can encode or amplify discriminatory practices. Previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Verya Monjezi , Ashutosh Trivedi , Vladik Kreinovich , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Fairness is an increasingly important factor in re-ranking tasks. Prior work has identified a trade-off between ranking accuracy and item fairness. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. An analogy can be drawn…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chen Xu , Jujia Zhao , Wenjie Wang , Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Tat-Seng Chua , Maarten de Rijke

Consequential decisions are increasingly informed by sophisticated data-driven predictive models. However, to consistently learn accurate predictive models, one needs access to ground truth labels. Unfortunately, in practice, labels may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Niki Kilbertus , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez , Bernhard Schölkopf , Krikamol Muandet , Isabel Valera

We consider the weakly supervised binary classification problem where the labels are randomly flipped with probability $1- {\alpha}$. Although there exist numerous algorithms for this problem, it remains theoretically unexplored how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Xinyang Yi , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Constantine Caramanis , Han Liu

Algorithmic Fairness is an established area of machine learning, willing to reduce the influence of hidden bias in the data. Yet, despite its wide range of applications, very few works consider the multi-class classification setting from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Christophe Denis , Romuald Elie , Mohamed Hebiri , François Hu

In classification models fairness can be ensured by solving a constrained optimization problem. We focus on fairness constraints like Disparate Impact, Demographic Parity, and Equalized Odds, which are non-decomposable and non-convex.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Padala Manisha , Sujit Gujar