Related papers: Normality, Relativization, and Randomness
This paper introduces the concept of hyperpolation: a way of generalising from a limited set of data points that is a peer to the more familiar concepts of interpolation and extrapolation. Hyperpolation is the task of estimating the value…
We make a formal analogy between random sampling and fresh name generation. We show that quasi-Borel spaces, a model for probabilistic programming, can soundly interpret Stark's $\nu$-calculus, a calculus for name generation. Moreover, we…
The rational base number system, introduced by Akiyama, Frougny, and Sakarovitch in 2008, is a generalization of the classical integer base number system. Within this framework two interesting families of infinite words emerge, called…
Random features are a powerful technique for rewriting positive-definite kernels as linear products. They bring linear tools to bear in important nonlinear domains like KNNs and attention. Unfortunately, practical implementations require…
We study the randomness properties of reals with respect to arbitrary probability measures on Cantor space. We show that every non-computable real is non-trivially random with respect to some measure. The probability measures constructed in…
Here, I present a novel method for normalizing a finite set of numbers, which is studied by the domain of biological vision. Normalizing in this context means searching the maximum and minimum number in a set and then rescaling all numbers…
In standard construction of hyperrational numbers using an ultrapower we assume that the ultrafilter is selective. It makes possible to assign real value to any finite hyperrational number. So, we can consider hyperrational numbers with…
We mathematically model the supertask, introduced by Hansen, in which an infinity of gods together select a random natural number by each randomly removing a finite number of balls from an urn, leaving one final ball. We show that this…
Quantum Martin-L\"of randomness (q-MLR) for infinite qubit sequences was introduced by Nies and Scholz. We define a notion of quantum Solovay randomness which is equivalent to q-MLR. The proof of this goes through a purely linear algebraic…
In the classification of real singularities by Arnold et al. (1985), normal forms, as representatives of equivalence classes under right equivalence, are not always uniquely determined. We describe the complete structure of the equivalence…
Generalized L\"uroth series generalize $b$-adic representations as well as L\"uroth series. Almost all real numbers are normal, but it is not easy to construct one. In this paper, a new construction of normal numbers with respect to…
We define some natural notions of strong and weak Borel Ramsey properties for countable Borel equivalence relations and show that they hold for a countable Borel equivalence relation if and only if the equivalence relation is smooth. We…
We show that modularity, a quantity introduced in the study of networked systems, can be generalized and used in the clustering problem as an indicator for the quality of the solution. The introduction of this measure arises very naturally…
The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…
Recent years have witnessed the introduction and development of extremely fast rational function algorithms. Many ideas in this realm arose from polynomial-based linear-algebraic algorithms. However, polynomial approximation is occasionally…
Effective versions of strong measure zero sets are developed for various levels of complexity and computability. It is shown that the sets can be equivalently defined using a generalization of supermartingales called odds supermartingales,…
This paper contains some estimates for the {\it integral-uniform} norm and the uniform norm of a wide class of random polynomials. The family of integral-uniform norms introduced by Kasin and Tzafriri is a natural generalization of the…
Detecting and exploiting similarities between seemingly distant objects is without doubt an important human ability. This paper develops \textit{from the ground up} an abstract algebraic and qualitative notion of similarity based on the…
We generalize the concept of Borel resummability and renormalons to a quantum field theory with an arbitrary number of fields and couplings, starting from the known notion based on the running coupling constants. An approach to identify the…
Evaluating performance across optimization algorithms on many problems presents a complex challenge due to the diversity of numerical scales involved. Traditional data processing methods, such as hypothesis testing and Bayesian inference,…