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Conversational generative AI systems such as ChatGPT are transforming how people seek and engage with information online. Unlike traditional search engines, these systems support open-ended, conversational inquiry, yet it remains unclear…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yulin Yu , Yizhou Li , Siddharth Suri , Scott Counts

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to the creation of powerful text generation models, such as large language models (LLMs), which are widely used for diverse applications. However, concerns surrounding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Fnu Neha , Deepshikha Bhati , Deepak Kumar Shukla , Angela Guercio , Ben Ward

Information Retrieval (IR) systems are crucial tools for users to access information, which have long been dominated by traditional methods relying on similarity matching. With the advancement of pre-trained language models, generative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Yujia Zhou , Yuyao Zhang , Peitian Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

This systematic review of the research literature on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides a focused analysis of the most highly cited studies published between 2020 and May 2025. A total of 128 articles met our inclusion criteria.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Andrew Brown , Muhammad Roman , Barry Devereux

Help-seeking is a critical way for students to learn new concepts, acquire new skills, and get unstuck when problem-solving in their computing courses. The recent proliferation of generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, offers students a new…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Irene Hou , Sophia Metille , Zhuo Li , Owen Man , Cynthia Zastudil , Stephen MacNeil

This paper surveys the use of Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and Claude, in computer science education, focusing on key aspects of accuracy, authenticity, and assessment. Through a literature review, we highlight both the challenges…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Iman Reihanian , Yunfei Hou , Yu Chen , Yifei Zheng

Generative large-scale language models create the fifth paradigm of scientific research, organically combine data science and computational intelligence, transform the research paradigm of natural language processing and multimodal…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jiangfeng Liu , Ziyi Wang , Jing Xie , Lei Pei

Evaluating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems traditionally relies on hand annotations for input queries, passages to retrieve, and responses to generate. We introduce ARES, an Automated RAG Evaluation System, for evaluating RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jon Saad-Falcon , Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a field that has long been within the domain of traditional signal processing techniques. However, with the advent of powerful generative AI models, such as GPT-3, we are now able to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-28 John Hoang , Zihe Zheng , Aiden Zelakiewicz , Peter Xiangyuan Ma , Bryan Brzycki

This paper presents the development and application of a Large Language Model Retrieval-Augmented Generation (LLM-RAG) system tailored for nanotechnology research. The system leverages the capabilities of a sophisticated language model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Achuth Chandrasekhar , Omid Barati Farimani , Olabode T. Ajenifujah , Janghoon Ock , Amir Barati Farimani

Document retrieval techniques are essential for developing large-scale information systems. The common approach involves using a bi-encoder to compute the semantic similarity between a query and documents. However, the scalar similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Haoyu Liu , Shaohan Huang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has highlighted ChatGPT as a pivotal technology in the field of information retrieval (IR). Distinguished from its predecessors, ChatGPT offers significant benefits that have attracted…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

The rapid growth of scientific literature imposes significant challenges for researchers endeavoring to stay updated with the latest advancements in their fields and delve into new areas. We introduce OpenResearcher, an innovative platform…

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Peng He , Hang Li , Haoyu Han , Kaiqi Yang , Yu Xue , Tingting Li , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

The rise of Generative AI (GenAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, has transformed how students access and engage with information, raising questions about their impact on learning outcomes and retention. This study investigates how GenAI (ChatGPT),…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mahir Akgun , Sacip Toker

Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are at the heart of evidence-based research, setting the foundation for future research and practice. However, producing good quality timely contributions is a challenging and highly cognitive endeavor,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Maisie Badami , Marcos Baez , Shayan Zamanirad , Wei Kang

Generative information retrieval (IR) has experienced substantial growth across multiple research communities (e.g., information retrieval, computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning), and has been highly visible in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Gabriel Bénédict , Ruqing Zhang , Donald Metzler

Large language models (LLMs) have shown superior performance without task-specific fine-tuning. Despite the success, the knowledge stored in the parameters of LLMs could still be incomplete and difficult to update due to the computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yile Wang , Peng Li , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

The rapid adoption of generative AI tools is reshaping how scholars produce and communicate knowledge, raising questions about who benefits and who is left behind. We analyze over 230,000 Scopus-indexed computer science articles between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Farhan Kamrul Khan , Hazem Ibrahim , Nouar Aldahoul , Talal Rahwan , Yasir Zaki