Related papers: Investigating the heterogeneity of "study twins"
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are widely considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of new treatments or interventions in drug development. Still, they may not be feasible in certain cases, such as with rare diseases…
This paper considers the two-dataset problem, where data are collected from two potentially different populations sharing common aspects. This problem arises when data are collected by two different types of researchers or from two…
Human agents happen to judge that a conjunction of two terms is more probable than one of the terms, in contradiction with the rules of classical probabilities---this is the conjunction fallacy. One of the most discussed accounts of this…
Systematic reviews of interventions are important tools for synthesizing evidence from multiple studies. They serve to increase power and improve precision, in the same way that larger studies can do, but also to establish the consistency…
Meta-analysis combines pertinent information from existing studies to provide an overall estimate of population parameters/effect sizes, as well as to quantify and explain the differences between studies. However, testing the between-study…
Considerable interest has recently been focused on studying multiple phenotypes simultaneously in both epidemiological and genomic studies, either to capture the multidimensionality of complex disorders or to understand shared etiology of…
Statistical methods are based on model assumptions, and it is statistical folklore that a method's model assumptions should be checked before applying it. This can be formally done by running one or more misspecification tests of model…
Measuring treatment effects in observational studies is challenging because of confounding bias. Confounding occurs when a variable affects both the treatment and the outcome. Traditional methods such as propensity score matching estimate…
Citation analysis of the scientific literature has been used to study and define disciplinary boundaries, to trace the dissemination of knowledge, and to estimate impact. Co-citation, the frequency with which pairs of publications are…
The hypothesis of homogeneous treatment effects is central to the instrumental variables literature. This assumption signifies that treatment effects are constant across all subjects. It allows to interpret instrumental variable estimates…
Multistate models offer a powerful framework for studying disease processes and can be used to formulate intensity-based and more descriptive marginal regression models. They also represent a natural foundation for the construction of joint…
Statistical inference of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) across predefined subgroups is challenging when units interact because treatment effects may vary by pre-treatment variables, post-treatment exposure variables (that measure…
Heterogeneous treatment effect models allow us to compare treatments at subgroup and individual levels, and are of increasing popularity in applications like personalized medicine, advertising, and education. In this talk, we first survey…
Meta-analysis represents a widely accepted approach for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tools in clinical and psychological investigations. This paper investigates the applicability of multinomial tree models recently suggested in the…
Meta-analysis is an important statistical technique for synthesizing the results of multiple studies regarding the same or closely related research question. So-called meta-regression extends meta-analysis models by accounting for…
Economic choices are often stochastic: the same person may make a different choice when facing the same alternatives repeatedly. Standard models assume that the degree of randomness reflects the size of utility differences, but choice…
Claims from observational studies often fail to replicate. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of cohort studies used in a highly cited meta-analysis of the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and fine…
Score-based tests have been used to study parameter heterogeneity across many types of statistical models. This chapter describes a new self-normalization approach for score-based tests of mixed models, which addresses situations where…
Practitioners in medicine, business, political science, and other fields are increasingly aware that decisions should be personalized to each patient, customer, or voter. A given treatment (e.g. a drug or advertisement) should be…
Heterogeneous treatment effects are of major interest in economics. For example, a poverty reduction measure would be best evaluated by its effects on those who would be poor in the absence of the treatment, or by the share among the poor…