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Humans use social context to specify preferences over behaviors, i.e. their reward functions. Yet, algorithms for inferring reward models from preference data do not take this social learning view into account. Inspired by pragmatic human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Andi Peng , Yuying Sun , Tianmin Shu , David Abel

Human decision-making in cognitive tasks and daily life exhibits considerable variability, shaped by factors such as task difficulty, individual preferences, and personal experiences. Understanding this variability across individuals is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Chen Wei , Chi Zhang , Jiachen Zou , Haotian Deng , Dietmar Heinke , Quanying Liu

Recent studies have shown that information disclosed on social network sites (such as Facebook) can be used to predict personal characteristics with surprisingly high accuracy. In this paper we examine a method to give online users…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-28 Daizhuo Chen , Samuel P. Fraiberger , Robert Moakler , Foster Provost

In a wide variety of applications, including personalization, we want to measure the difference in outcome due to an intervention and thus have to deal with counterfactual inference. The feedback from a customer in any of these situations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Abhimanyu Mitra , Kannan Achan , Sushant Kumar

Conventional neuroimaging analyses have revealed the computational specificity of localized brain regions, exploiting the power of the subtraction technique in fMRI and event-related potential analyses in EEG. Moving beyond this convention,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-15 Javier O. Garcia , Justin Brooks , Scott Kerick , Tony Johnson , Tim Mullen , Jean M. Vettel

Understanding how humans revise their beliefs in light of new information is crucial for developing AI systems which can effectively model, and thus align with, human reasoning. While theoretical belief revision frameworks rely on a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez , William Yeoh

With an increasing number of users sharing information online, privacy implications entailing such actions are a major concern. For explicit content, such as user profile or GPS data, devices (e.g. mobile phones) as well as web services…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz

Humans should be able work more effectively with artificial intelligence-based systems when they can predict likely failures and form useful mental models of how the systems work. We conducted a study of human's mental models of artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Kimberly Glasgow , Jonathan Kopecky , John Gersh , Adam Crego

Decisions are often made by heterogeneous groups of individuals, each with distinct initial biases and access to information of different quality. We show that in large groups of independent agents who accumulate evidence the first to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-03 Samantha Linn , Sean D. Lawley , Bhargav R. Karamched , Zachary P. Kilpatrick , Krešimir Josić

Spurious correlations were found to be an important factor explaining model performance in various NLP tasks (e.g., gender or racial artifacts), often considered to be ''shortcuts'' to the actual task. However, humans tend to similarly make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Gili Lior , Gabriel Stanovsky

Music preference was reported as a factor, which could elicit innermost music emotion, entailing accurate ground-truth data and music therapy efficiency. This study executes statistical analysis to investigate the distinction of music…

A lack of awareness surrounding secure online behaviour can lead to end-users, and their personal details becoming vulnerable to compromise. This paper describes an ongoing research project in the field of usable security, examining the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Lynsay A. Shepherd , Jacqueline Archibald

This paper investigates the specific experience of following a suggestion by an intelligent machine that has a wrong outcome and the emotions people feel. By adopting a typical task employed in studies on decision-making, we presented…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Andrea Beretta , Massimo Zancanaro , Bruno Lepri

Can stated preferences help in counterfactual analyses of actual choice? This research proposes a novel approach to researchers who have access to both stated choices in hypothetical scenarios and actual choices. The key idea is to use…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-07-27 Romuald Meango

Do machines and humans process language in similar ways? Recent research has hinted at the affirmative, showing that human neural activity can be effectively predicted using the internal representations of language models (LMs). Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yuchen Zhou , Emmy Liu , Graham Neubig , Michael J. Tarr , Leila Wehbe

Unlike robots, humans learn, adapt and perceive their bodies by interacting with the world. Discovering how the brain represents the body and generates actions is of major importance for robotics and artificial intelligence. Here we discuss…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Pablo Lanillos , Marcel van Gerven

To make decisions we are guided by the evidence we collect, as well as the opinions of friends and neighbors. How do we integrate our private beliefs with information we obtain from our social network? To understand the strategies humans…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-04 Bhargav Karamched , Simon Stolarczyk , Zachary Kilpatrick , Krešimir Josić

Collaborative filtering is a very useful general technique for exploiting the preference patterns of a group of users to predict the utility of items to a particular user. Previous research has studied several probabilistic graphic models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Rong Jin , Luo Si , ChengXiang Zhai

In recent years, research unveiled more and more evidence for the so-called Bayesian Brain Paradigm, i.e. the human brain is interpreted as a probabilistic inference machine and Bayesian modelling approaches are hence used successfully. One…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Kevin Jasberg , Sergej Sizov

How should we decide which fairness criteria or definitions to adopt in machine learning systems? To answer this question, we must study the fairness preferences of actual users of machine learning systems. Stringent parity constraints on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Angie Peng , Jeff Naecker , Ben Hutchinson , Andrew Smart , Nyalleng Moorosi