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Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled adaptable and agile quadruped locomotion; however, policies often converge to a single gait, leading to suboptimal performance. Traditionally, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Prakrut Kotecha , Ganga Nair B , Shishir Kolathaya

Deep reinforcement learning has recently achieved strong results in quadrupedal locomotion, yet policies trained in simulation often fail to transfer when the environment changes. Evolutionary reinforcement learning aims to address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Brian McAteer , Karl Mason

Classical control techniques such as PID and LQR have been used effectively in maintaining a system state, but these techniques become more difficult to implement when the model dynamics increase in complexity and sensitivity. For adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Jack Dibachi , Jacob Azoulay

In this chapter we will highlight our experimental studies on natural human walking analysis and introduce a biologically inspired design for simple bipedal locomotion system of humanoid robots. Inspiration comes directly from human walking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Nizar Rokbani , Boudour Ammar Cherif , Adel M. Alimi

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) for legged locomotion commonly relies on a physics simulator that can accurately predict the behaviors of every degree of freedom of the robot. In contrast, approximate reduced-order models are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Zhaoming Xie , Xingye Da , Buck Babich , Animesh Garg , Michiel van de Panne

Salamander-like quadruped robots are designed inspired by the skeletal structure of their biological counterparts. However, existing controllers cannot fully exploit these morphological features and largely rely on predefined gait patterns…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiang Liu , Yang Liu , Yongchun Fang , Xian Guo

Climbing, crouching, bridging gaps, and walking up stairs are just a few of the advantages that quadruped robots have over wheeled robots, making them more suitable for navigating rough and unstructured terrain. However, executing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Guillaume Gagné-Labelle , Vassil Atanassov , Ioannis Havoutis

Quadruped robots are often designed with rigid feet to simplify control and maintain stable contact during locomotion. While this approach is straightforward, it limits the ability of the legs to absorb impact forces and reuse stored…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Pramod Pal , Shishir Kolathaya , Ashitava Ghosal

This work introduces a model-free reinforcement learning framework that enables various modes of motion (quadruped, tripod, or biped) and diverse tasks for legged robot locomotion. We employ a motion-style reward based on a relaxed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Gijeong Kim , Yong-Hoon Lee , Hae-Won Park

It remains challenging to achieve human-like locomotion in legged robots due to fundamental discrepancies between biological and mechanical structures. Although imitation learning has emerged as a promising approach for generating natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Luying Feng , Yaochu Jin , Hanze Hu , Wei Chen

Bipedal walking is one of the most difficult but exciting challenges in robotics. The difficulties arise from the complexity of high-dimensional dynamics, sensing and actuation limitations combined with real-time and computational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Diego Rodriguez , Sven Behnke

Recently, humanoid robots have made significant advances in their ability to perform challenging tasks due to the deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL), however, the inherent complexity of humanoid robots, including the difficulty of…

Parkour is a grand challenge for legged locomotion, even for quadruped robots, requiring active perception and various maneuvers to overcome multiple challenging obstacles. Existing methods for humanoid locomotion either optimize a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ziwen Zhuang , Shenzhe Yao , Hang Zhao

On-robot Reinforcement Learning is a promising approach to train embodiment-aware policies for legged robots. However, the computational constraints of real-time learning on robots pose a significant challenge. We present a framework for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nico Bohlinger , Jonathan Kinzel , Daniel Palenicek , Lukasz Antczak , Jan Peters

Imitation learning holds tremendous promise in learning policies efficiently for complex decision making problems. Current state-of-the-art algorithms often use inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), where given a set of expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Siddhant Haldar , Vaibhav Mathur , Denis Yarats , Lerrel Pinto

The design of feedback controllers for bipedal robots is challenging due to the hybrid nature of its dynamics and the complexity imposed by high-dimensional bipedal models. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the design of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Ayonga Hereid , Wei Zhang

Model-based approaches for planning and control for bipedal locomotion have a long history of success. It can provide stability and safety guarantees while being effective in accomplishing many locomotion tasks. Model-free reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yu-Ming Chen , Hien Bui , Michael Posa

This paper presents a Q-learning framework for learning optimal locomotion gaits in robotic systems modeled as coupled rigid bodies. Inspired by prevalence of periodic gaits in bio-locomotion, an open loop periodic input is assumed to (say)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-02 Tixian Wang , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Prashant G. Mehta

Learning multiple gaits is non-trivial for legged robots, especially when encountering different terrains and velocity commands. In this work, we present an end-to-end training framework for learning multiple gaits for quadruped robots,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jinze Wu , Yufei Xue , Chenkun Qi

In this paper, we propose a cost-matching approach for optimal humanoid locomotion within a Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework. A parameterized MPC formulation with centroidal dynamics is trained to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenqi Cai , Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis , Sébastien Gros , Anthony Tzes