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Accurately detecting drowsiness is vital to driving safety. Among all measures, physiological-signal-based drowsiness monitoring can be more privacy-preserving than a camera-based approach. However, conflicts exist regarding how…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Jiyao Wang , Suzan Ayas , Jiahao Zhang , Xiao Wen , Dengbo He , Birsen Donmez

Public Motor Imagery-based brain-computer interface (BCI) datasets are being used to develop increasingly good classifiers. However, they usually follow discrete paradigms where participants perform Motor Imagery at regularly timed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Ivo Pascal de Jong , Lüke Luna van den Wittenboer , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea

Deep learning, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has started finding applications in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, so far most such approaches focused on BCI classification problems. This paper extends EEGNet, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Yuqi Cui , Dongrui Wu

Driver drowsiness is one of the main causes of road accidents and is recognized as a leading contributor to traffic-related fatalities. However, detecting drowsiness accurately remains a challenging task, especially in real-world settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tran Viet Khoa , Do Hai Son , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh , Yibeltal F Alem , Dinh Thai Hoang

Driver Drowsiness is one of the most factors of road accidents, leading to severe injuries and deaths every year. Drowsiness means difficulty staying awake, which can lead to falling asleep. This paper introduces a literature review of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Ismail Nasri , Mohammed Karrouchi , Kamal Kassmi , Abdelhafid Messaoudi

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) collect, analyze, and convert brain activity into instructions and send it to the detection system. BCI is becoming popular in under-brain activities in certain conditions such as attention-based tasks.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-01 A S M Sharifuzzaman Sagar , Tajken Salehen , Md Abdur Rob

A long road trip is fun for drivers. However, a long drive for days can be tedious for a driver to accommodate stringent deadlines to reach distant destinations. Such a scenario forces drivers to drive extra miles, utilizing extra hours…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 ANK Zaman , Prosenjit Chatterjee , Rajat Sharma

This study presents a novel driver drowsiness detection system that combines deep learning techniques with the OpenCV framework. The system utilises facial landmarks extracted from the driver's face as input to Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sandeep Singh Sengar , Aswin Kumar , Owen Singh

There are many important regression problems in real-world brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, e.g., driver drowsiness estimation from EEG signals. This paper considers offline analysis: given a pool of unlabeled EEG epochs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Dongrui Wu , Vernon J. Lawhern , Stephen Gordon , Brent J. Lance , Chin-Teng Lin

Numerous studies have established the necessity for developing safety equipment to detect drowsiness among vehicle drivers. However, for reliable implementations, such systems must employ dependable sources of stimuli; through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-08 Ashwin Pillay , Aditya Kale , Raj Anchan , Aniket Bhadricha , Sangeetha Prasanna Ram

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

Datasets are crucial when training a deep neural network. When datasets are unrepresentative, trained models are prone to bias because they are unable to generalise to real world settings. This is particularly problematic for models trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Mkhuseli Ngxande , Jules-Raymond Tapamo , Michael Burke

Driving in a state of drowsiness is a major cause of road accidents, resulting in tremendous damage to life and property. Developing robust, automatic, real-time systems that can infer drowsiness states of drivers has the potential of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Ajjen Joshi , Survi Kyal , Sandipan Banerjee , Taniya Mishra

Electroencephalography (EEG) classification is a versatile and portable technique for building non-invasive Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI). However, the classifiers that decode cognitive states from EEG brain data perform poorly when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Anupam Sharma , Krishna Miyapuram

A sleepy driver is arguably much more dangerous on the road than the one who is speeding as he is a victim of microsleeps. Automotive researchers and manufacturers are trying to curb this problem with several technological solutions that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Rateb Jabbar , Mohammed Shinoy , Mohamed Kharbeche , Khalifa Al-Khalifa , Moez Krichen , Kamel Barkaoui

Normalization is a critical yet often overlooked component in the preprocessing pipeline for EEG deep learning applications. The rise of large-scale pretraining paradigms such as self-supervised learning (SSL) introduces a new set of tasks…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Dung Truong , Arnaud Delorme

Driver drowsiness electroencephalography (EEG) signal monitoring can timely alert drivers of their drowsiness status, thereby reducing the probability of traffic accidents. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Jingwei Huang , Chuansheng Wang , Jiayan Huang , Haoyi Fan , Antoni Grau , Fuquan Zhang

Modern advanced driver-assistance systems analyze the driving performance to gather information about the driver's state. Such systems are able, for example, to detect signs of drowsiness by evaluating the steering or lane keeping behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Mariella Dreissig , Mohamed Hedi Baccour , Tim Schaeck , Enkelejda Kasneci

Driving under drowsy conditions significantly escalates the risk of vehicular accidents. Although recent efforts have focused on using electroencephalography to detect drowsiness, helping prevent accidents caused by driving in such states,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinzhao Zhou , Justin Sia , Yiqun Duan , Yu-Cheng Chang , Yu-Kai Wang , Chin-Teng Lin

A lack of driver's vigilance is the main cause of most vehicle crashes. Electroencephalography(EEG) has been reliable and efficient tool for drivers' drowsiness estimation. Even though previous studies have developed accurate and robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ning Ding , Ce Zhang , Azim Eskandarian