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Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) pretrained on massive datasets exhibit impressive performance on various downstream tasks, especially with limited labeled target data. However, due to their high inference compute cost, these models cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Raviteja Vemulapalli , Hadi Pouransari , Fartash Faghri , Sachin Mehta , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Mohammad Rastegari , Oncel Tuzel

We introduce a method to train Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) - neural networks with binary weights and activations at run-time and when computing the parameters' gradient at train-time. We conduct two sets of experiments, each based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-11 Itay Hubara , Daniel Soudry , Ran El Yaniv

This work presents a Fully BInarized Large Language Model (FBI-LLM), demonstrating for the first time how to train a large-scale binary language model from scratch (not the partial binary or ternary LLM like BitNet b1.58) to match the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Liqun Ma , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

Binarized Neural Network (BNN) removes bitwidth redundancy in classical CNN by using a single bit (-1/+1) for network parameters and intermediate representations, which has greatly reduced the off-chip data transfer and storage overhead.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Cheng Fu , Shilin Zhu , Hao Su , Ching-En Lee , Jishen Zhao

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), which constrain both weights and activations to binary values, offer substantial reductions in computational complexity, memory footprint, and energy consumption. These advantages make them particularly well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Luca Colombo , Fabrizio Pittorino , Daniele Zambon , Carlo Baldassi , Manuel Roveri , Cesare Alippi

Continual post-training (CPT) is a popular and effective technique for adapting foundation models like multimodal large language models to specific and ever-evolving downstream tasks. While existing research has primarily concentrated on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Song Lai , Haohan Zhao , Rong Feng , Changyi Ma , Wenzhuo Liu , Hongbo Zhao , Xi Lin , Dong Yi , Qingfu Zhang , Hongbin Liu , Gaofeng Meng , Fei Zhu

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Binary Neural Network (BNN) shows its predominance in reducing the complexity of deep neural networks. However, it suffers severe performance degradation. One of the major impediments is the large quantization error between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Mingbao Lin , Rongrong Ji , Zihan Xu , Baochang Zhang , Yan Wang , Yongjian Wu , Feiyue Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Image-text training like CLIP has dominated the pretraining of vision foundation models in recent years. Subsequent efforts have been made to introduce region-level visual learning into CLIP's pretraining but face scalability challenges due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Xiaohu Jiang , Yixiao Ge , Yuying Ge , Dachuan Shi , Chun Yuan , Ying Shan

Deep neural networks have significantly improved performance on a range of tasks with the increasing demand for computational resources, leaving deployment on low-resource devices (with limited memory and battery power) infeasible. Binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Aaqib Saeed

Reducing energy consumption has become a pressing need for modern machine learning, which has achieved many of its most impressive results by scaling to larger and more energy-consumptive neural networks. Unfortunately, the main algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Risi Jaiswal , Supriyo Datta , Joseph G. Makin

This paper proposes a novel binarized weight network (BT) for a resource-efficient neural structure. The proposed model estimates a binary representation of weights by taking into account the approximation error with an additional term.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Savas Ozkan , Gozde Bozdagi Akar

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) significantly reduce computational complexity and memory usage in machine and deep learning by representing weights and activations with just one bit. However, most existing training algorithms for BNNs rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Luca Colombo , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

There is a significant performance gap between Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) and floating point Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). We propose to improve the binary training method, by introducing a new regularization function that encourages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Sajad Darabi , Mouloud Belbahri , Matthieu Courbariaux , Vahid Partovi Nia

Model binarization can significantly compress model size, reduce energy consumption, and accelerate inference through efficient bit-wise operations. Although binarizing convolutional neural networks have been extensively studied, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Yefei He , Zhenyu Lou , Luoming Zhang , Jing Liu , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou , Bohan Zhuang

Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) that possess a property of uncertainty estimation have been increasingly adopted in a wide range of safety-critical AI applications which demand reliable and robust decision making, e.g., self-driving, rescue…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Qiyu Wan , Haojun Xia , Xingyao Zhang , Lening Wang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Xin Fu

We aim to better exploit the limited amounts of parallel text available in low-resource settings by introducing a differentiable reconstruction loss for neural machine translation (NMT). This loss compares original inputs to reconstructed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Xing Niu , Weijia Xu , Marine Carpuat

Most uses of machine learning today involve training a model from scratch for a particular task, or sometimes starting with a model pretrained on a related task and then fine-tuning on a downstream task. Both approaches offer limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Andrea Gesmundo , Jeff Dean

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Model binarization has made significant progress in enabling real-time and energy-efficient computation for convolutional neural networks (CNN), offering a potential solution to the deployment challenges faced by Vision Transformers (ViTs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Tian Gao , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yu Zhang , Huajun Liu , Kaijie Yin , Chengzhong Xu , Hui Kong