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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have introduced Reasoning Large Language Models (RLLMs), which employ extended thinking processes with reflection and self-correction capabilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of test-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuyao Ge , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Lingrui Mei , Lizhe Chen , Baolong Bi , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Long chain-of-thought (Long-CoT) reasoning improves accuracy in LLMs, yet its verbose, self-reflective style often hinders effective distillation into small language models (SLMs). We revisit Long-CoT compression through the lens of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shangziqi Zhao , Jiahao Yuan , Jinyang Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Guisong Yang , Usman Naseem

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on chain-of-thought (CoT) data shows that a small amount of high-quality data can outperform massive datasets. Yet, what constitutes "quality" remains ill-defined. Existing reasoning methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Prateek Humane , Paolo Cudrano , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Matteo Matteucci , Supriyo Chakraborty , Irina Rish

Language models (LMs) with less than 100B parameters are known to perform poorly on chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in contrast to large LMs when solving unseen tasks. In this work, we aim to equip smaller LMs with the step-by-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Seungone Kim , Se June Joo , Doyoung Kim , Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Jamin Shin , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, CoT prompting greatly increases computational demands, which has prompted growing interest in distilling CoT capabilities into Small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinghao Chen , Zhijing Sun , Wenjin Guo , Miaoran Zhang , Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Hui Su , Yijie Pan , Dietrich Klakow , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting excel at complex reasoning but generate verbose thought processes with considerable redundancy, leading to increased inference costs and reduced efficiency. We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeju Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Ziyang Zheng , Xiangyu Wen , Zhijian Xu , Yingying Cheng , Fan Zhang , Qiang Xu

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities in math and coding, often bolstered by post-training on the chain-of-thoughts (CoTs) generated by stronger models. However, existing strategies for curating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Siqi Kou , Qingyuan Tian , Hanwen Xu , Zihao Zeng , Zhijie Deng

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

This is the second in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lennart Meincke , Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick , Dan Shapiro

With the help of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on various reasoning tasks. However, most of them have been evaluated under noise-free context and the dilemma for LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Qingyuan Tian , Hanlun Zhu , Lei Wang , Yang Li , Yunshi Lan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in medical question answering (MedQA), yet adapting them to biomedical reasoning remains challenging due to domain-specific complexity and limited supervision. In this work, we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chenqian Le , Ziheng Gong , Chihang Wang , Haowei Ni , Panfeng Li , Xupeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited performance when solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide incorrect answers. Unlike natural language understanding, math problems typically have a single correct answer, making the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shima Imani , Liang Du , Harsh Shrivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

Chain of Thought (CoT) is significant in improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the correlation between the effectiveness of CoT and the length of reasoning steps in prompts remains largely unknown. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Wenyue Hua , Yanda Meng , Yongfeng Zhang , Mengnan Du

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation has recently garnered considerable attention, where fine-tuning plays a key role in LLMs' adaptation. However, the cost of fine-tuning LLMs on rapidly expanding recommendation data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyu Lin , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Shuo Yang , Fuli Feng , Yinwei Wei , Tat-Seng Chua
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