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Aligning large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) for complex reasoning via reinforcement learning is often hampered by the limitations of existing policy optimization algorithms, such as static training schedules and the rigid, uniform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yunhao Wang , Ziting Li , Shuai Chen , Tao Liu , Chao Song , Junjie Jiang , Jian Zhu , Peng Gao , Bin Qin

Training large language models (LLMs) presents numerous challenges, including gradient instability and loss spikes. These phenomena can lead to catastrophic divergence, requiring costly checkpoint restoration and data batch skipping.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Abhay Kumar , Louis Owen , Nilabhra Roy Chowdhury , Fabian Güra

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

In Online Continual Learning (OCL), a neural network sequentially learns from a non-stationary data stream in a single-pass with access only to a limited memory replay buffer. This contrasts sharply with off-line continual learning where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ankita Awasthi , Marco Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

In the realm of high-frequency data streams, achieving real-time learning within varying memory constraints is paramount. This paper presents Ferret, a comprehensive framework designed to enhance online accuracy of Online Continual Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yuhao Zhou , Yuxin Tian , Jindi Lv , Mingjia Shi , Yuanxi Li , Qing Ye , Shuhao Zhang , Jiancheng Lv

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

While recent continual learning methods largely alleviate the catastrophic problem on toy-sized datasets, some issues remain to be tackled to apply them to real-world problem domains. First, a continual learning model should effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jaehong Yoon , Saehoon Kim , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Biased attributes, spuriously correlated with target labels in a dataset, can problematically lead to neural networks that learn improper shortcuts for classifications and limit their capabilities for out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Jinyung Hong , Eun Som Jeon , Changhoon Kim , Keun Hee Park , Utkarsh Nath , Yezhou Yang , Pavan Turaga , Theodore P. Pavlic

Continual learning is a process that involves training learning agents to sequentially master a stream of tasks or classes without revisiting past data. The challenge lies in leveraging previously acquired knowledge to learn new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marcus de Carvalho , Mahardhika Pratama , Jie Zhang , Chua Haoyan , Edward Yapp

This paper presents simple and efficient methods to mitigate sampling bias in active learning while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy and model robustness. We introduce supervised contrastive active learning by leveraging the contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Ranganath Krishnan , Alok Sinha , Nilesh Ahuja , Mahesh Subedar , Omesh Tickoo , Ravi Iyer

Continual learning strives to ensure stability in solving previously seen tasks while demonstrating plasticity in a novel domain. Recent advances in continual learning are mostly confined to a supervised learning setting, especially in NLP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Shang Gao , Longxiang Gao

The development of artificial intelligence demands that models incrementally update knowledge by Continual Learning (CL) to adapt to open-world environments. To meet privacy and security requirements, Continual Unlearning (CU) emerges as an…

Online Continual learning is a challenging learning scenario where the model must learn from a non-stationary stream of data where each sample is seen only once. The main challenge is to incrementally learn while avoiding catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Mattia Sangermano , Antonio Carta , Andrea Cossu , Davide Bacciu

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in online continual learning (OCL), especially for non-stationary data streams that do not have well-defined task boundaries. This challenge is exacerbated by the memory constraints and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xiwen Wei , Guihong Li , Radu Marculescu

Deep-learning models can extract a rich assortment of features from data. Which features a model uses depends not only on \emph{predictivity} -- how reliably a feature indicates training-set labels -- but also on \emph{availability} -- how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Katherine L. Hermann , Hossein Mobahi , Thomas Fel , Michael C. Mozer

We study online learning in adversarial nonstationary environments. Since the future can be very different from the past, a critical challenge is to gracefully forget the history while new data comes in. To formalize this intuition, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhiyu Zhang , David Bombara , Heng Yang

Non-Centralized Continual Learning (NCCL) has become an emerging paradigm for enabling distributed devices such as vehicles and servers to handle streaming data from a joint non-stationary environment. To achieve high reliability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Yichen Li , Haozhao Wang , Wenchao Xu , Tianzhe Xiao , Hong Liu , Minzhu Tu , Yuying Wang , Xin Yang , Rui Zhang , Shui Yu , Song Guo , Ruixuan Li

Multi-label class-incremental learning (MLCIL) continuously expands the label space while recognizing multiple co-occurring classes, making it prone to catastrophic forgetting and high false-positive rates (FPR). Extending CLIP to MLCIL is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kaile Du , Zihan Ye , Junzhou Xie , Yixi Shen , Yuyang Li , Fuyuan Hu , Ling Shao , Guangcan Liu , Joost van de Weijer , Fan Lyu

Memory decay makes it harder for the human brain to recognize visual objects and retain details. Consequently, recorded brain signals become weaker, uncertain, and contain poor visual context over time. This paper presents one of the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xuan-Bac Nguyen , Thanh-Dat Truong , Pawan Sinha , Khoa Luu

In this paper, we propose a general framework in continual learning for generative models: Feature-oriented Continual Learning (FoCL). Unlike previous works that aim to solve the catastrophic forgetting problem by introducing regularization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Qicheng Lao , Mehrzad Mortazavi , Marzieh Tahaei , Francis Dutil , Thomas Fevens , Mohammad Havaei