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Federated learning research has recently shifted from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to Vision Transformers (ViTs) due to their superior capacity. ViTs training demands higher computational resources due to the lack of 2D inductive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Meihan Wu , Tao Chang , Cui Miao , Jie Zhou , Chun Li , Xiangyu Xu , Ming Li , Xiaodong Wang

Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated great potential in various visual tasks, but suffer from expensive computational and memory cost problems when deployed on resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we introduce a ternary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Sheng Xu , Yanjing Li , Teli Ma , Bohan Zeng , Baochang Zhang , Peng Gao , Jinhu Lv

The transformer model is known to be computationally demanding, and prohibitively costly for long sequences, as the self-attention module uses a quadratic time and space complexity with respect to sequence length. Many researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziwei He , Meng Yang , Minwei Feng , Jingcheng Yin , Xinbing Wang , Jingwen Leng , Zhouhan Lin

The synergy of long-range dependencies from transformers and local representations of image content from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has led to advanced architectures and increased performance for various medical image analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yiqing Shen , Pengfei Guo , Jingpu Wu , Qianqi Huang , Nhat Le , Jinyuan Zhou , Shanshan Jiang , Mathias Unberath

Vision Transformers have achieved impressive performance in video classification, while suffering from the quadratic complexity caused by the Softmax attention mechanism. Some studies alleviate the computational costs by reducing the number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Kaiyue Lu , Zexiang Liu , Jianyuan Wang , Weixuan Sun , Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Hui Deng , Xiaodong Han , Yuchao Dai , Yiran Zhong

Humans' internal states play a key role in human-machine interaction, leading to the rise of human state estimation as a prominent field. Compared to swift state changes such as surprise and irritation, modeling gradual states like trust…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Minxue Niu , Zhaobo Zheng , Kumar Akash , Teruhisa Misu

Vision transformer (ViT) has recently shown its strong capability in achieving comparable results to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on image classification. However, vanilla ViT simply inherits the same architecture from the natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Chun-Fu Chen , Rameswar Panda , Quanfu Fan

We present CSWin Transformer, an efficient and effective Transformer-based backbone for general-purpose vision tasks. A challenging issue in Transformer design is that global self-attention is very expensive to compute whereas local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Xiaoyi Dong , Jianmin Bao , Dongdong Chen , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Lu Yuan , Dong Chen , Baining Guo

Vision Transformer (ViT) has demonstrated significant potential in various vision tasks due to its strong ability in modelling long-range dependencies. However, such success is largely fueled by training on massive samples. In real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Bowei Zhang , Yi Zhang

Contemporary diffusion models built upon U-Net or Diffusion Transformer (DiT) architectures have revolutionized image generation through transformer-based attention mechanisms. The prevailing paradigm has commonly employed self-attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 ZiYi Dong , Chengxing Zhou , Weijian Deng , Pengxu Wei , Xiangyang Ji , Liang Lin

Attention with bias, which extends standard attention by introducing prior knowledge as an additive bias matrix to the query-key scores, has been widely deployed in vision, language, protein-folding and other advanced scientific models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haixu Wu , Minghao Guo , Yuezhou Ma , Yuanxu Sun , Jianmin Wang , Wojciech Matusik , Mingsheng Long

Vision Transformer(ViT) is one of the most widely used models in the computer vision field with its great performance on various tasks. In order to fully utilize the ViT-based architecture in various applications, proper visualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Saebom Leem , Hyunseok Seo

High-resolution dense prediction enables many appealing real-world applications, such as computational photography, autonomous driving, etc. However, the vast computational cost makes deploying state-of-the-art high-resolution dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Han Cai , Junyan Li , Muyan Hu , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Vision Transformers and their variants have achieved remarkable success in diverse visual perception tasks. Despite their effectiveness, they suffer from two significant limitations. First, the quadratic computational complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ali K. Rahimian , Manish K. Govind , Subhajit Maity , Dominick Reilly , Christian Kümmerle , Srijan Das , Aritra Dutta

Attention-based models, exemplified by the Transformer, can effectively model long range dependency, but suffer from the quadratic complexity of self-attention operation, making them difficult to be adopted for high-resolution image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Long Zhao , Zizhao Zhang , Ting Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Han Zhang

Self-attention has become a defacto choice for capturing global context in various vision applications. However, its quadratic computational complexity with respect to image resolution limits its use in real-time applications, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Abdelrahman Shaker , Muhammad Maaz , Hanoona Rasheed , Salman Khan , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Recently Transformer has shown good performance in several vision tasks due to its powerful modeling capabilities. To reduce the quadratic complexity caused by the attention, some outstanding work restricts attention to local regions or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Fangjian Lin , Yizhe Ma , Sitong Wu , Long Yu , Shengwei Tian

Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) is a challenging computer vision problem, where the task is to automatically recognise objects from subordinate categories. One of its main difficulties is capturing the most discriminative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dmitry Demidov , Muhammad Hamza Sharif , Aliakbar Abdurahimov , Hisham Cholakkal , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Vision Transformer (ViT)-based models have shown state-of-the-art performance (e.g., accuracy) in vision-based AI tasks. However, realizing their capability in resource-constrained embedded AI systems is challenging due to their inherent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Saad Iftikhar , Muhammad Shafique

Recently, Transformer architecture has been introduced into image restoration to replace convolution neural network (CNN) with surprising results. Considering the high computational complexity of Transformer with global attention, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zheng Chen , Yulun Zhang , Jinjin Gu , Yongbing Zhang , Linghe Kong , Xin Yuan