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Quasinormal modes are excited during the ringdown phase of black holes after merger. Determination of quasinormal modes of rapidly rotating black holes in alternative theories of gravity has remained a challenge for a long time. Here we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-06 Jose Luis Blázquez-Salcedo , Fech Scen Khoo , Burkhard Kleihaus , Jutta Kunz

The merger of binary black holes produces a series of decaying oscillations, during which energy is radiated in gravitational waves. The characteristic signal in the ringdown phase can be described by complex oscillation frequencies called…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Yanqiang Liu , Benrong Mu , Jun Tao , Yuling Weng

As the fingerprints of black holes, quasinormal modes are closely associated with many properties of black holes. Especially, the ringdown phase of gravitational waveforms from the merger of compact binary components can be described by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Sen Yang , Wen-Di Guo , Qin Tan , Li Zhao , Yu-Xiao Liu

We study the scattering of gravitational waves by a Schwarzschild black hole and its perturbed siblings to investigate influences of proposed spectral instability of quasinormal modes on the ringdown signal. Our results indicate that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-09 Koutarou Kyutoku , Hayato Motohashi , Takahiro Tanaka

The remnant of a black hole binary merger settles into a stationary configuration by "ringing down" through the emission of gravitational waves that consist of a superposition of damped exponentials with discrete complex frequencies - the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-11 Matteo Della Rocca , Laura Pezzella , Emanuele Berti , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli

After black holes collide, the remnant settles to a stationary state by emitting gravitational waves. Once non-linearities subside, these ringdown waves are dominated by exponentially-damped sinusoids, or quasinormal modes. We develop a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolas Yunes

Quasinormal modes are a set of damped resonances that describe how an excited open system is driven back to equilibrium. In gravitational physics these modes characterise the ringdown of a perturbed black hole, e.g. following a binary black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-09 Sam Patrick , Antonin Coutant , Mauricio Richartz , Silke Weinfurtner

We have performed an extensive numerical study of coalescing black-hole binaries to understand the gravitational-wave spectrum of quasi-normal modes excited in the merged black hole. Remarkably, we find that the masses and spins of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , B. Sathyaprakash

The quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable against small modifications of the radial potential describing massless perturbations. We study how these small modifications affect the convergence of the quasinormal mode expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Naritaka Oshita , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso

Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative systems. Perturbations of classical gravitational backgrounds involving black holes or branes naturally lead to quasinormal modes. The analysis and classification of the quasinormal spectra…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Andrei O. Starinets

Quadratic quasinormal modes encode fundamental properties of black hole spacetimes. They are also one of the key ingredients of nonlinearities of General Relativity in the ringdown stage of binary black hole coalescence. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Neev Khera , Sizheng Ma , Huan Yang

The quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes plays a crucial role in the modelling of post-merger ringdown signals. However, the spectrum is extremely sensitive to small deformations of the system and describes the linear response only in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-12 Romeo Felice Rosato , Kyriakos Destounis , Paolo Pani

During the post-merger regime of a binary black hole merger, the gravitational wave signal consists of a superposition of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black hole. It has been observed empirically, primarily through numerical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-22 A. Ribes Metidieri , B. Bonga , B. Krishnan

The coalescence of two black holes generates gravitational waves that carry detailed information about the properties of those black holes and their binary configuration. The final coalescence cycles are in the form of a {\it ringdown}: a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-18 Scott A. Hughes , Anuj Apte , Gaurav Khanna , Halston Lim

We conduct a descriptive analysis of the multipolar structure of gravitational-radiation waveforms from equal-mass aligned-spin mergers, following an approach first presented in the complementary context of nonspinning black holes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker , William D. Boggs , Sean T. McWilliams , Joan Centrella

Optimal extraction of information from gravitational-wave observations of binary black-hole coalescences requires detailed knowledge of the waveforms. Current approaches for representing waveform information are based on spin-weighted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker

Quasinormal modes of perturbed black holes have recently gained much interest because of their tight relations with the gravitational wave signals emitted during the post-merger phase of a binary black hole coalescence. One of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Che-Yu Chen , Mariam Bouhmadi-López , Pisin Chen

We provide an in-depth investigation of quasinormal-mode oscillations of Kerr black holes with nearly extremal angular momenta. We first discuss in greater detail the two distinct types of quasinormal mode frequencies presented in a recent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-28 Huan Yang , Aaron Zimmerman , Anıl Zenginoğlu , Fan Zhang , Emanuele Berti , Yanbei Chen

We propose a novel, frequency-domain approach to the analysis of the gravitational-wave ringdown signal of binary black holes and the identification of quasinormal mode frequencies of the remnant. Our approach avoids the issues of spectral…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-11 Eliot Finch , Christopher J. Moore

We present numerical results from three-dimensional evolutions of scalar perturbations of Kerr black holes. Our simulations make use of a high-order accurate multi-block code which naturally allows for fixed adaptivity and smooth inner…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ernst Nils Dorband , Emanuele Berti , Peter Diener , Erik Schnetter , Manuel Tiglio