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Large language models (LLMs) have been garnering increasing attention in the recommendation community. Some studies have observed that LLMs, when fine-tuned by the cross-entropy (CE) loss with a full softmax, could achieve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Cong Xu , Zhangchi Zhu , Mo Yu , Jun Wang , Jianyong Wang , Wei Zhang

Clustering continues to be a significant and challenging task. Recent studies have demonstrated impressive results by applying clustering to feature representations acquired through self-supervised learning, particularly on small datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Fei Ding , Dan Zhang , Yin Yang , Venkat Krovi , Feng Luo

Contrastive Learning has shown impressive results on natural and medical images, without requiring annotated data. However, a particularity of medical images is the availability of meta-data (such as age or sex) that can be exploited for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Benoit Dufumier , Pietro Gori , Julie Victor , Antoine Grigis , Edouard Duchesnay

Most studies focused on information retrieval-based techniques for fault localization, which built representations for bug reports and source code files and matched their semantic vectors through similarity measurement. However, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chunying Zhou , Xiaoyuan Xie , Gong Chen , Peng He , Bing Li

Contrastive learning has emerged as an efficient framework to learn multimodal representations. CLIP, a seminal work in this area, achieved impressive results by training on paired image-text data using the contrastive loss. Recent work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Enrico Fini , Pietro Astolfi , Adriana Romero-Soriano , Jakob Verbeek , Michal Drozdzal

Learning from implicit feedback is one of the most common cases in the application of recommender systems. Generally speaking, interacted examples are considered as positive while negative examples are sampled from uninteracted ones.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yu Wang , Xin Xin , Zaiqiao Meng , Xiangnan He , Joemon Jose , Fuli Feng

Contrastive Learning first extracts features from unlabeled data, followed by linear probing with labeled data. Adversarial Contrastive Learning (ACL) integrates Adversarial Training into the first phase to enhance feature robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ngoc N. Tran , Lam Tran , Hoang Phan , Anh Bui , Tung Pham , Toan Tran , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of a new learning problem for recommender systems where users provide feedback by comparing pairs of items instead of rating them individually. We assume that comparisons stem from latent user and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Suryanarayana Sankagiri , Jalal Etesami , Matthias Grossglauser

We investigate contrastive learning in the federated setting through the lens of SimCLR and multi-view mutual information maximization. In doing so, we uncover a connection between contrastive representation learning and user verification;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Christos Louizos , Matthias Reisser , Denis Korzhenkov

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) has managed to match or surpass the performance of supervised learning in image and video classification. However, it is still largely unknown if the nature of the representations induced by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Rohit Gupta , Naveed Akhtar , Ajmal Mian , Mubarak Shah

As the field of representation learning grows, there has been a proliferation of different loss functions to solve different classes of problems. We introduce a single information-theoretic equation that generalizes a large collection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Shaden Alshammari , John Hershey , Axel Feldmann , William T. Freeman , Mark Hamilton

Contrastive learning has significantly improved representation quality, enhancing knowledge transfer across tasks in continual learning (CL). However, catastrophic forgetting remains a key challenge, as contrastive based methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Trung-Anh Dang , Vincent Nguyen , Ngoc-Son Vu , Christel Vrain

In this paper, we delve deeper into the Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence loss and mathematically prove that it is equivalent to the Decoupled Kullback-Leibler (DKL) Divergence loss that consists of (1) a weighted Mean Square Error (wMSE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiequan Cui , Beier Zhu , Qingshan Xu , Zhuotao Tian , Xiaojuan Qi , Bei Yu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

Contrastive learning has emerged as a prominent branch of self-supervised learning for several years. Especially, CLIP, which applies contrastive learning to large sets of captioned images, has garnered significant attention. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Chungpa Lee , Joonhwan Chang , Jy-yong Sohn

Recommender systems usually rely on observed user interaction data to build personalized recommendation models, assuming that the observed data reflect user interest. However, user interacting with an item may also due to conformity, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Weiqi Zhao , Dian Tang , Xin Chen , Dawei Lv , Daoli Ou , Biao Li , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Learning from implicit feedback has become the standard paradigm for modern recommender systems. However, this setting is fraught with the persistent challenge of false negatives, where unobserved user-item interactions are not necessarily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Minglei Yin , Chuanbo Hu , Bin Liu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yanfang , Ye , Xin Li

The Curriculum Recommendations paradigm is dedicated to fostering learning equality within the ever-evolving realms of educational technology and curriculum development. In acknowledging the inherent obstacles posed by existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Xiaonan Xu , Bin Yuan , Yongyao Mo , Tianbo Song , Shulin Li

Contrastive Self-supervised Learning (CSL) is a practical solution that learns meaningful visual representations from massive data in an unsupervised approach. The ordinary CSL embeds the features extracted from neural networks onto…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Shentong Mo , Zhun Sun , Chao Li

Despite pre-trained language models have proven useful for learning high-quality semantic representations, these models are still vulnerable to simple perturbations. Recent works aimed to improve the robustness of pre-trained models mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Dong Wang , Ning Ding , Piji Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Contrastive learning (CL) has recently emerged as an effective approach to learning representation in a range of downstream tasks. Central to this approach is the selection of positive (similar) and negative (dissimilar) sets to provide the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Anh Bui , Trung Le , He Zhao , Paul Montague , Seyit Camtepe , Dinh Phung