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This paper introduces Ranking Info Noise Contrastive Estimation (RINCE), a new member in the family of InfoNCE losses that preserves a ranked ordering of positive samples. In contrast to the standard InfoNCE loss, which requires a strict…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 David T. Hoffmann , Nadine Behrmann , Juergen Gall , Thomas Brox , Mehdi Noroozi

The information noise-contrastive estimation (InfoNCE) loss function provides the basis of many self-supervised deep learning methods due to its strong empirical results and theoretic motivation. Previous work suggests a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Patrick Feeney , Michael C. Hughes

Loss functions play a pivotal role in optimizing recommendation models. Among various loss functions, Softmax Loss (SL) and Cosine Contrastive Loss (CCL) are particularly effective. Their theoretical connections and differences warrant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shengjia Zhang , Jiawei Chen , Changdong Li , Sheng Zhou , Qihao Shi , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

As an important graph pre-training method, Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) continues to play a crucial role in the ongoing surge of research on graph foundation models or LLM as enhancer for graphs. Traditional GCL optimizes InfoNCE by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zixu Wang , Bingbing Xu , Yige Yuan , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

The top-k recommendation is a fundamental task in recommendation systems which is generally learned by comparing positive and negative pairs. The Contrastive Loss (CL) is the key in contrastive learning that has received more attention…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Hao Tang , Guoshuai Zhao , Yuxia Wu , Xueming Qian

This paper proposes a method for representation learning of multimodal data using contrastive losses. A traditional approach is to contrast different modalities to learn the information shared between them. However, that approach could fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Yunze Liu , Qingnan Fan , Shanghang Zhang , Hao Dong , Thomas Funkhouser , Li Yi

A common problem in contextual preference ranking is that a single preferred action is compared against several choices, thereby blowing up the complexity and skewing the preference distribution. In this work, we show how one can solve this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Timo Bertram , Johannes Fürnkranz , Martin Müller

In contemporary self-supervised contrastive algorithms like SimCLR, MoCo, etc., the task of balancing attraction between two semantically similar samples and repulsion between two samples of different classes is primarily affected by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Siladittya Manna , Soumitri Chattopadhyay , Rakesh Dey , Saumik Bhattacharya , Umapada Pal

Contrastive Learning (CL) performances as a rising approach to address the challenge of sparse and noisy recommendation data. Although having achieved promising results, most existing CL methods only perform either hand-crafted data or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiuyuan Qin , Huanhuan Yuan , Pengpeng Zhao , Junhua Fang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Guanfeng Liu , Victor Sheng

Learning from noisy labels is a critical challenge in machine learning, with vast implications for numerous real-world scenarios. While supervised contrastive learning has recently emerged as a powerful tool for navigating label noise, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jingyi Cui , Yi-Ge Zhang , Hengyu Liu , Yisen Wang

The recent success of SimCSE has greatly advanced state-of-the-art sentence representations. However, the original formulation of SimCSE does not fully exploit the potential of hard negative samples in contrastive learning. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Pengyue Hou , Xingyu Li

Learning contrastive representations from pairwise comparisons has achieved remarkable success in various fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, and information retrieval. Collaborative filtering algorithms based on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Bin Liu , Qin Luo , Bang Wang

Recommender systems are designed to learn user preferences from observed feedback and comprise many fundamental tasks, such as rating prediction and post-click conversion rate (pCVR) prediction. However, the observed feedback usually suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jun Wang , Haoxuan Li , Chi Zhang , Dongxu Liang , Enyun Yu , Wenwu Ou , Wenjia Wang

In typical multimodal contrastive learning, such as CLIP, encoders produce one point in the latent representation space for each input. However, one-point representation has difficulty in capturing the relationship and the similarity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Toshimitsu Uesaka , Taiji Suzuki , Yuhta Takida , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Naoki Murata , Yuki Mitsufuji

Contrastive learning methods based on InfoNCE loss are popular in node representation learning tasks on graph-structured data. However, its reliance on data augmentation and its quadratic computational complexity might lead to inconsistency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Hengrui Zhang , Qitian Wu , Yu Wang , Shaofeng Zhang , Junchi Yan , Philip S. Yu

Prior theory work on Contrastive Learning via the InfoNCE loss showed that, under certain assumptions, the learned representations recover the ground-truth latent factors. We argue that these theories overlook crucial aspects of how CL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Evgenia Rusak , Patrik Reizinger , Attila Juhos , Oliver Bringmann , Roland S. Zimmermann , Wieland Brendel

Contrastive learning has emerged as a cornerstone of unsupervised representation learning across vision, language, and graph domains, with InfoNCE as its dominant objective. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical underpinnings of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ge Cheng , Shuo Wang , Yun Zhang

Contrastive learning is among the most successful methods for visual representation learning, and its performance can be further improved by jointly performing clustering on the learned representations. However, existing methods for joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shunjie-Fabian Zheng , JaeEun Nam , Emilio Dorigatti , Bernd Bischl , Shekoofeh Azizi , Mina Rezaei

Contrastive learning (CL) continuously achieves significant breakthroughs across multiple domains. However, the most common InfoNCE-based methods suffer from some dilemmas, such as \textit{uniformity-tolerance dilemma} (UTD) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Zizheng Huang , Haoxing Chen , Ziqi Wen , Chao Zhang , Huaxiong Li , Bo Wang , Chunlin Chen

Current sequential recommender systems are proposed to tackle the dynamic user preference learning with various neural techniques, such as Transformer and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, inference from the highly sparse user behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Yuhao Yang , Chao Huang , Lianghao Xia , Chunzhen Huang , Da Luo , Kangyi Lin