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Opaque predicates are a well-established fundamental building block for software obfuscation. Simplified, an opaque predicate implements an expression that provides constant Boolean output, but appears to have dynamic behavior for static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Max Hoffmann , Christof Paar

Growing code bases of modern applications have led to a steady increase in the number of vulnerabilities. Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is one promising mitigation that is more and more widely deployed and prevents numerous exploits. CFI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Claudio Canella , Sebastian Dorn , Daniel Gruss , Michael Schwarz

Modern OLAP systems have mitigated I/O bottlenecks via storage-compute separation and columnar layouts, but CPU costs in the execution layer (especially Top-K selection and join probe) are emerging as new bottlenecks at scale. This paper…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ilsun Chang

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), it is gaining a lot of attention. It is important to secure the embedded systems with low overhead. The Linux Seccomp is widely used by developers to secure the kernels by blocking the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dongyang Zhan , Zhaofeng Yu , Xiangzhan Yu , Hongli Zhang , Lin Ye , Likun Liu

Securing low-latency I/O in commodity systems forces a fundamental trade-off: rely on the kernel's high overhead mediated interface, or bypass it entirely, exposing sensitive hardware resources to userspace and creating new vulnerabilities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Friedrich Doku , Jonathan Laughton , Nick Wanninger , Peter Dinda

Data redundancy provides resilience in large-scale storage clusters, but imposes significant cost overhead. Substantial space-savings can be realized by tuning redundancy schemes to observed disk failure rates. However, prior design…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Saurabh Kadekodi , Francisco Maturana , Suhas Jayaram Subramanya , Juncheng Yang , K. V. Rashmi , Gregory R. Ganger

To meet the diverse needs of users, the rapid advancement of cloud-edge-device collaboration has become a standard practice. However, this complex environment, particularly in untrusted (non-collaborative) scenarios, presents numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kexian Liu , Jianfeng Guan , Xiaolong Hu , Jing Zhang , Jianli Liu , Hongke Zhang

Data exfiltration attacks have led to huge data breaches. Recently, the Equifax attack affected 147M users and a third-party library - Apache Struts - was alleged to be responsible for it. These attacks often exploit the fact that sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Qi Zhang , Zehra Sura , Ashish Kundu , Gong Su , Arun Iyengar , Ling Liu

Modern systems on a chip (SoCs) utilize heterogeneous architectures where multiple IP cores have concurrent access to on-chip shared resources. In security-critical applications, IP cores have different privilege levels for accessing shared…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Francesco Restuccia , Andres Meza , Ryan Kastner

Browsers, Library OSes, and system emulators rely on sandboxes and in-process isolation to emulate system resources and securely isolate untrusted components. All access to system resources like system calls (syscall) need to be securely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Fangfei Yang , Anjo Vahldiek-Oberwagner , Chia-Che Tsai , Kelly Kaoudis , Nathan Dautenhahn

Secure elements physically exposed to adversaries are frequently targeted by fault attacks. These attacks can be utilized to hijack the control-flow of software allowing the attacker to bypass security measures, extract sensitive data, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Pascal Nasahl , Stefan Mangard

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model inference by allowing a lightweight draft model to propose outputs that a stronger target model verifies. However, its token-centric nature allows erroneous steps to propagate.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Kiran Purohit , Ramasuri Narayanam , Soumyabrata Pal

Mainstream compilers implement different countermeasures to prevent specific classes of speculative execution attacks. Unfortunately, these countermeasures either lack formal guarantees or come with proofs restricted to speculative…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Xaver Fabian , Marco Patrignani , Marco Guarnieri , Michael Backes

Modern out-of-order processors face speculative execution attacks. Despite various proposed software and hardware mitigations to prevent such attacks, new attacks keep arising from unknown vulnerabilities. Thus, a formal and rigorous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Qinhan Tan , Yuheng Yang , Thomas Bourgeat , Sharad Malik , Mengjia Yan

The rapid evolution of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies has led to an emerging need to make it smarter. A variety of applications now run simultaneously on an ARM-based processor. For example, devices on the edge of the Internet are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Le Guan , Peng Liu , Xinyu Xing , Xinyang Ge , Shengzhi Zhang , Meng Yu , Trent Jaeger

An optimistic rollup (ORU) scales a blockchain's throughput by delegating computation to an untrusted remote chain (L2), refereeing any state claim disagreements between mutually distrusting L2 operators via an interactive dispute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Zhe Ye , Ujval Misra , Jiajun Cheng , Wenyang Zhou , Dawn Song

In various scenarios, achieving security between IoT devices is challenging since the devices may have different dedicated communication standards, resource constraints as well as various applications. In this article, we first provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Ruei-Hau Hsu , Jemin Lee , Tony Q. S. Quek , Jyh-Cheng Chen

Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) is promising for cache applications. However, it brings new data security issues that were absent in volatile memory counterparts such as Static RAM (SRAM) and embedded Dynamic RAM (eDRAM). This is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Nitin Rathi , Asmit De , Helia Naeimi , Swaroop Ghosh

Speculative vulnerabilities such as Spectre and Meltdown expose speculative execution state that can be exploited to leak information across security domains via side-channels. Such vulnerabilities often stay undetected for a long time as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Oleksii Oleksenko , Christof Fetzer , Boris Köpf , Mark Silberstein

This paper presents OVer, a framework designed to automatically analyze the behavior of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols when subjected to a "skewed" oracle input. OVer firstly performs symbolic analysis on the given contract and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Xun Deng , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Cyrus Minwalla , Han Du , Andreas Veneris , Fan Long