Related papers: Theoretical developments on the initial state in r…
Overview of event-by-event studies on relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given. I focus on fluctuation measurements and on theoretical ideas which appeared experimentally fruitful.
Although relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a powerful probe for studying nuclear structure, the potential influence of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (NN-SRCs) on the initial state has remained an open question. By…
An interesting opportunity to determine thermodynamic and transport properties in more detail is to identify generic statistical properties of initial density perturbations. Here we study event-by-event fluctuations in terms of correlation…
It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…
The ability to accurately compute the series of coefficients $v_n$ characterizing the momentum space anisotropies of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions as a function of centrality is widely regarded as a triumph…
We develop a systematic framework for the study of the initial collision geometry fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and investigate how they evolve through different stages of the fireball history and translate into final…
The initial distribution of gluons at the very early times after a high energy heavy ion collision is described by the bulk scale $Q_s$ of gluon saturation in the nuclear wavefunction. The subsequent evolution of the system towards kinetic…
The search for specific signals in ultra-relativistic heavy-light ion collisions addressing intrinsic geometric features of nuclei may open a new window to low energy nuclear structure. We discuss specifically the phenomenon of…
Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, we study event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The calculated physical observables, including…
The early stages of heavy ion collisions are dominated by high density systems of gluons that carry each a small fraction $x$ of the momenta of the colliding nucleons. A distinguishing feature of such systems is the phenomenon of…
Basic concepts and terminology of relativistic heavy-ion collision physics are introduced and illustrated by experimental results. Most plots are taken from a recent ALICE overview paper arxiv:2211.04384 [nucl-ex].
At the colliders RHIC and LHC, nuclei at the ultrarelativistic energies of $100$ GeV/A and $2.7$ TeV/A will be smashed together with the hope of creating an elusive and short-lived state of matter called the quark gluon plasma. The initial…
We present an overview of the current state of understanding of the early time dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions, emphasizing recent developments and connections between the physics of the initial state and that of hard probes in…
The study of high energy collisions between heavy nuclei is a field unto itself, distinct from nuclear and particle physics. A defining aspect of heavy ion physics is the importance of a bulk, self-interacting system with a rich space-time…
This work studies the production of direct photons in relativistic nuclear collisions, along with the production of hadrons. Radiation from the very first instants to the final moments of the evolution is included. The hybrid model used…
Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…
At ultra-relativistic energies the minijet production in heavy-ion collisions becomes sensitive to semi-hard parton rescatterings in the initial stages of the process. As a result global characteristics of the event, like the initial…
Atomic number ($A$) and energy ($\roots$) scaling exponents of multiplicity and transverse energy in heavy ion collisions are analytically derived in the perturbative QCD + saturation model. The exponents depend on the small-$x$ behaviour…
Determining the inner structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents has been one of the main tasks of high energy nuclear and particle physics experiments. This quest started as a mapping of the (average) parton…
Saturation models for particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions are discussed. In particular, I show that the predictions from the high density QCD for the qualitative shape of $dN/dy$ are very sensitive to the form of the…