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Two recent developments have accelerated progress in image reconstruction from human brain activity: large datasets that offer samples of brain activity in response to many thousands of natural scenes, and the open-sourcing of powerful…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-02 Reese Kneeland , Jordyn Ojeda , Ghislain St-Yves , Thomas Naselaris

Visual reconstruction algorithms are an interpretive tool that map brain activity to pixels. Past reconstruction algorithms employed brute-force search through a massive library to select candidate images that, when passed through an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-03 Reese Kneeland , Jordyn Ojeda , Ghislain St-Yves , Thomas Naselaris

Every day, the human brain processes an immense volume of visual information, relying on intricate neural mechanisms to perceive and interpret these stimuli. Recent breakthroughs in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have enabled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Matteo Ferrante , Furkan Ozcelik , Tommaso Boccato , Rufin VanRullen , Nicola Toschi

Brain decoding is a field of computational neuroscience that uses measurable brain activity to infer mental states or internal representations of perceptual inputs. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to brain decoding that also relies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Matteo Ferrante , Tommaso Boccato , Nicola Toschi

The integration of deep learning and neuroscience has been advancing rapidly, which has led to improvements in the analysis of brain activity and the understanding of deep learning models from a neuroscientific perspective. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-21 Yu Takagi , Shinji Nishimoto

In the past five years, the use of generative and foundational AI systems has greatly improved the decoding of brain activity. Visual perception, in particular, can now be decoded from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-15 Yohann Benchetrit , Hubert Banville , Jean-Rémi King

Decoding visual images from brain activity has significant potential for advancing brain-computer interaction and enhancing the understanding of human perception. Recent approaches align the representation spaces of images and brain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Nona Rajabi , Antônio H. Ribeiro , Miguel Vasco , Farzaneh Taleb , Mårten Björkman , Danica Kragic

AI-based neural decoding reconstructs visual perception by leveraging generative models to map brain activity, measured through functional MRI (fMRI), into latent hierarchical representations. Traditionally, ridge linear models transform…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-04 Lorenzo Veronese , Andrea Moglia , Luca Mainardi , Pietro Cerveri

Reconstructing perceived images from human brain activity monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is hard, especially for natural images. Existing methods often result in blurry and unintelligible reconstructions with low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Mali Halac , Murat Isik , Hasan Ayaz , Anup Das

In daily life, we encounter diverse external stimuli, such as images, sounds, and videos. As research in multimodal stimuli and neuroscience advances, fMRI-based brain decoding has become a key tool for understanding brain perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengyu Liu , Guohua Dong , Dan Guo , Kun Li , Fengling Li , Xun Yang , Meng Wang , Xiaomin Ying

With the advent of brain imaging techniques and machine learning tools, much effort has been devoted to building computational models to capture the encoding of visual information in the human brain. One of the most challenging brain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Zarina Rakhimberdina , Quentin Jodelet , Xin Liu , Tsuyoshi Murata

This literature review will discuss the use of deep learning methods for image reconstruction using fMRI data. More specifically, the quality of image reconstruction will be determined by the choice in decoding and reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Madison Van Horn

Recent advances in brain-vision decoding have driven significant progress, reconstructing with high fidelity perceived visual stimuli from neural activity, e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in the human visual cortex. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Le Xu , Qi Zhang , Qixian Zhang , Hongyun Zhang , Duoqian Miao , Cairong Zhao

Neural decoding, the process of understanding how brain activity corresponds to different stimuli, has been a primary objective in cognitive sciences. Over the past three decades, advances in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanchen Wang , Adam Turnbull , Tiange Xiang , Yunlong Xu , Sa Zhou , Adnan Masoud , Shekoofeh Azizi , Feng Vankee Lin , Ehsan Adeli

Decoding visual representations from brain signals has attracted significant attention in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. However, the degree to which brain signals truly encode visual information remains unclear. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiawen Zheng , Haonan Jia , Ming Li , Yuhui Zheng , Yufeng Zeng , Yang Gao , Chen Liang

Decoding brain functional states underlying different cognitive processes using multivariate pattern recognition techniques has attracted increasing interests in brain imaging studies. Promising performance has been achieved using brain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Hongming Li , Yong Fan

Deep learning is leading to major advances in the realm of brain decoding from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). However, the large inter-subject variability in brain characteristics has limited most studies to train models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Alexis Thual , Yohann Benchetrit , Felix Geilert , Jérémy Rapin , Iurii Makarov , Hubert Banville , Jean-Rémi King

Decoding visual stimuli from neural responses recorded by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) presents an intriguing intersection between cognitive neuroscience and machine learning, promising advancements in understanding human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jingyuan Sun , Mingxiao Li , Zijiao Chen , Yunhao Zhang , Shaonan Wang , Marie-Francine Moens

Generative AI has recently propelled the decoding of images from brain activity. How do these approaches scale with the amount and type of neural recordings? Here, we systematically compare image decoding from four types of non-invasive…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Hubert Banville , Yohann Benchetrit , Stéphane d'Ascoli , Jérémy Rapin , Jean-Rémi King

Cognitive brain imaging is accumulating datasets about the neural substrate of many different mental processes. Yet, most studies are based on few subjects and have low statistical power. Analyzing data across studies could bring more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-20 Arthur Mensch , Julien Mairal , Bertrand Thirion , Gaël Varoquaux
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