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Human civilization has witnessed transformative technological milestones, from ancient fire lighting to the internet era. This chapter delves into the invasive brain machine interface (BMI), a pioneering technology poised to be a defining…

In this paper, we present a review of the recent work in deep learning methods for user interface design. The survey encompasses well known deep learning techniques (deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural…

Remarkable success of modern image-based AI methods and the resulting interest in their applications in critical decision-making processes has led to a surge in efforts to make such intelligent systems transparent and explainable. The need…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has benefited from deep learning (DL) to alleviate the burden on radiologists and MR technologists, and improve throughput. The easy accessibility of DL tools have resulted in the rapid increase…

Large language models (LLMs) are changing how we interact with computers. As they become capable of generating software dynamically, they invite a fundamental rethinking of the computer's role in human activity. In this conceptual paper, we…

Deep learning (DL) has proven to be a highly effective approach for developing models in diverse contexts, including visual perception, speech recognition, and machine translation. However, the end-to-end process for applying DL is not…

Deep learning (DL), a new-generation of artificial neural network research, has transformed industries, daily lives and various scientific disciplines in recent years. DL represents significant progress in the ability of neural networks to…

Significance: Optical neuroimaging has become a well-established clinical and research tool to monitor cortical activations in the human brain. It is notable that outcomes of functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies depend…

Despite differing from the human language processing mechanism in implementation and algorithms, current language models demonstrate remarkable human-like or surpassing language capabilities. Should computational language models be employed…

Currently, Machine Learning (ML) is becoming ubiquitous in everyday life. Deep Learning (DL) is already present in many applications ranging from computer vision for medicine to autonomous driving of modern cars as well as other sectors in…

Deep learning (DL) has become a key component of modern software. In the "big model" era, the rich features of DL-based software substantially rely on powerful DL models, e.g., BERT, GPT-3, and the recently emerging GPT-4, which are trained…

Language is crucial for human intelligence, but what exactly is its role? We take language to be a part of a system for understanding and communicating about situations. The human ability to understand and communicate about situations…

Cognitive communications have emerged as a promising solution to enhance, adapt, and invent new tools and capabilities that transcend conventional wireless networks. Deep learning (DL) is critical in enabling essential features of cognitive…

Deep learning, computational neuroscience, and cognitive science have overlapping goals related to understanding intelligence such that perception and behaviour can be simulated in computational systems. In neuroimaging, machine learning…

Deep Learning (DL) is penetrating into a diverse range of mass mobility, smart living, and industrial applications, rapidly transforming the way we live and work. DL is at the heart of many AI implementations. A key set of challenges is to…

Intelligent communication is gradually considered as the mainstream direction in future wireless communications. As a major branch of machine learning, deep learning (DL) has been applied in physical layer communications and has…

Deep learning has achieved transformative performance across diverse domains, largely driven by large-scale and high-quality training data. In contrast, the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is fundamentally constrained by…

The recent series of innovations in deep learning (DL) have shown enormous potential to impact individuals and society, both positively and negatively. The DL models utilizing massive computing power and enormous datasets have significantly…

Deep learning has received extensive research interest in developing new medical image processing algorithms, and deep learning based models have been remarkably successful in a variety of medical imaging tasks to support disease detection…

In the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the potential for leveraging deep learning techniques for representing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has gained substantial interest. This review synthesizes empirical findings from a…