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Analyzing vast textual data and summarizing key information from electronic health records imposes a substantial burden on how clinicians allocate their time. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in natural language…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

The growing awareness of safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) has sparked considerable interest in the evaluation of safety. This study investigates an under-explored issue about the evaluation of LLMs, namely the substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yixu Wang , Yan Teng , Kexin Huang , Chengqi Lyu , Songyang Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

The safety of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant research attention. In this paper, we argue that previous empirical studies demonstrate LLMs exhibit a propensity to trust information from authoritative sources, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Liang Lin , Zhihao Xu , Xuehai Tang , Shi Liu , Biyu Zhou , Fuqing Zhu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

As large language models (LLMs) become easily accessible nowadays, the trade-off between safety and helpfulness can significantly impact user experience. A model that prioritizes safety will cause users to feel less engaged and assisted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yi-Lin Tuan , Xilun Chen , Eric Michael Smith , Louis Martin , Soumya Batra , Asli Celikyilmaz , William Yang Wang , Daniel M. Bikel

As large language models (LLMs) see wider real-world use, understanding and mitigating their unsafe behaviors is critical. Interpretation techniques can reveal causes of unsafe outputs and guide safety, but such connections with safety are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Seongmin Lee , Aeree Cho , Grace C. Kim , ShengYun Peng , Mansi Phute , Duen Horng Chau

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various capabilities but pose safety risks such as generating harmful content and misinformation, even after safety alignment. In this paper, we explore the inner mechanisms of safety alignment through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jianhui Chen , Xiaozhi Wang , Zijun Yao , Yushi Bai , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

As the influence of large language models (LLMs) spans across global communities, their safety challenges in multilingual settings become paramount for alignment research. This paper examines the variations in safety challenges faced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lingfeng Shen , Weiting Tan , Sihao Chen , Yunmo Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Haoran Xu , Boyuan Zheng , Philipp Koehn , Daniel Khashabi

Alignment tuning has enabled large language models to excel in reasoning, instruction-following, and minimizing harmful generations. However, despite their widespread deployment, these models exhibit a monolingual bias, raising concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Nikhil Verma , Manasa Bharadwaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), significantly enhancing their capabilities by integrating visual information and other types, thus aligning more closely with the nature of human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Jing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating programming tasks, including security-related ones. However, they can also introduce vulnerabilities during code generation, fail to detect existing vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Enna Basic , Alberto Giaretta

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, ensuring their safe use is paramount. Jailbreaking, adversarial prompts that bypass model alignment to trigger harmful outputs, present significant risks, with existing studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Linyi Yang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on some task-specific datasets has been a primary use of LLMs. However, it has been empirically observed that this approach to enhancing capability inevitably compromises safety, a phenomenon also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-28 Pin-Yu Chen , Han Shen , Payel Das , Tianyi Chen

Large language models have revolutionized the field of NLP by achieving state-of-the-art performance on various tasks. However, there is a concern that these models may disclose information in the training data. In this study, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruixiang Tang , Gord Lueck , Rodolfo Quispe , Huseyin A Inan , Janardhan Kulkarni , Xia Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language translation, and question-answering. Nowadays, LLM is becoming a very popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

The automation of news analysis and summarization presents a promising solution to the challenge of processing and analyzing vast amounts of information prevalent in today's information society. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lionel Richy Panlap Houamegni , Fatih Gedikli

While large language models (LLMs) present significant potential for supporting numerous real-world applications and delivering positive social impacts, they still face significant challenges in terms of the inherent risk of privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Huandong Wang , Wenjie Fu , Yingzhou Tang , Zhilong Chen , Yuxi Huang , Jinghua Piao , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Tao Jiang , Yong Li