Related papers: High-Cadence Thermospheric Density Estimation enab…

One of the objectives of the NASA LWS Institute on Nowcasting of Atmospheric Drag for LEO Spacecraft was to investigate whether and how to increase the accuracy of atmospheric drag models by improving the quality of the solar forcing…

Two major issues in the specification of the thermospheric density are the definition of proper solar inputs and the empirical modeling of thermosphere response to solar and to geomagnetic forcings. This specification is crucial for the…

Understanding space weather is vital for the protection of our terrestrial and space infrastructure. In order to predict space weather accurately, large amounts of data are required, particularly in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum.…

High-energy radiation from the Sun governs the behavior of Earth's upper atmosphere and such radiation from any planet-hosting star can drive the long-term evolution of a planetary atmosphere. However, much of this radiation is unobservable…

Satellites, crewed spacecraft and stations in low-Earth orbit (LEO) are very sensitive to atmospheric drag. A satellite's lifetime and orbital tracking become increasingly inaccurate or uncertain during magnetic storms. Given the planned…

Accurate thermospheric density prediction is crucial for reliable satellite operations in Low Earth Orbits, especially at high solar and geomagnetic activity. Physics-based models such as TIE-GCM offer high fidelity but are computationally…

A new dataset of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen number density profiles, along with thermospheric temperature profiles between 180 and 500 km, has been developed. These profiles are derived from solar occultation measurements made by…

In recent years (2000-2021), human-space activities have been increasing faster than ever. More than 36000 Earth' orbiting objects, all larger than 10 cm, in orbit around the Earth, are currently tracked by the European Space Agency (ESA).…

Space weather indices are used commonly to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag. One of the most commonly used space weather proxies, $F_{10.7 cm}$,…

Inaccurate estimates of the thermospheric density are a major source of error in low Earth orbit prediction. To improve orbit prediction, real-time density estimation is required. In this work, we develop a reduced-order dynamic model for…

Solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance plays a crucial role in heating the Earth's ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere, affecting atmospheric dynamics over varying time scales. Although significant effort has been spent studying…

Solar activity plays a quintessential role in influencing the interplanetary medium and space-weather around the Earth. Remote sensing instruments onboard heliophysics space missions provide a pool of information about the Sun's activity…

With more commercial constellations planned, the number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) objects is set to TRIPLE in two years. The growth in LEO objects directly increases the probability of unintentional collisions between objects due to…

Machine learning (ML) has often been applied to space weather (SW) problems in recent years. SW originates from solar perturbations and is comprised of the resulting complex variations they cause within the systems between the Sun and…

A new dataset of summed neutral N2 and O number density profiles, spanning altitudes between 150 and 400 km, and observed during Northern Winter from 2010 through 2016 is presented. The neutral density profiles are derived from solar…

The ionosphere critically influences Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), satellite communications, and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) operations, yet accurate prediction of its variability remains challenging due to nonlinear couplings…

Space weather indices are commonly used to drive operational forecasts of various geospace systems, including the thermosphere for mass density and satellite drag. The drivers serve as proxies for various processes that cause energy flow…

There is a pressing need to model X-ray Ultra-Violet (XUV: 1-30 nm) stellar irradiances, given the scarcity of current measurements. One of the measurable effects of a stellar cycle is the significant (more than one order of magnitude)…

We have used the Deep Survey telescope of EUVE to investigate shadows in the diffuse EUV/Soft X-Ray background cast by clouds in the interstellar medium. We confirm the existence of a shadow previously reported, and provide evidence for two…

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a NASA multi-spectral decade-long mission that has been daily producing terabytes of observational data from the Sun, has been recently used as a use-case to demonstrate the potential of machine…