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In modern social media, recommender systems (RecSys) rely on the click-through rate (CTR) as the standard metric to evaluate user engagement. CTR prediction is traditionally framed as a binary classification task to predict whether a user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zhongyu Ouyang , Chunhui Zhang , Yaning Jia , Soroush Vosoughi

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction plays an important role in many industrial applications, such as online advertising and recommender systems. How to capture users' dynamic and evolving interests from their behavior sequences remains a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Yufei Feng , Fuyu Lv , Weichen Shen , Menghan Wang , Fei Sun , Yu Zhu , Keping Yang

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is critical for industrial recommender systems, where most deep CTR models follow an Embedding \& Feature Interaction paradigm. However, the majority of methods focus on designing network architectures to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Huifeng Guo , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xiuqiang He

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a crucial task in online advertising to recommend products that users are likely to be interested in. To identify the best-performing models, rigorous model evaluation is necessary. Offline…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ramazan Tarik Turksoy , Beyza Turkmen

Click-based learning to rank (LTR) tackles the mismatch between click frequencies on items and their actual relevance. The approach of previous work has been to assume a model of click behavior and to subsequently introduce a method for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Harrie Oosterhuis

Existing click-through rate (CTR) prediction works have studied the role of feature interaction through a variety of techniques. Each interaction technique exhibits its own strength, and solely using one type usually constrains the model's…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xu Chen , Zida Cheng , Yuangang Pan , Shuai Xiao , Xiaoming Liu , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Ivor W. Tsang

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is one of the main tasks of the recommendation system, which is conducted by a user for different items to give the recommendation results. Cross-domain CTR prediction models have been proposed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Menglin Kong , Muzhou Hou , Shaojie Zhao , Feng Liu , Ri Su , Yinghao Chen

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, aims to estimate the probability of users clicking on items. Existing models predominantly follow a discriminative paradigm, which relies heavily on explicit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingjia Yin , Junwei Pan , Hao Wang , Ximei Wang , Shangyu Zhang , Jie Jiang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, which aims to estimate the probability of a user clicking on an item, is a key task in online advertising. Numerous existing CTR models concentrate on modeling the feature interactions within a solitary…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zhen Tian , Changwang Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhao Cao

In the Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction scenario, user's sequential behaviors are well utilized to capture the user interest in the recent literature. However, despite being extensively studied, these sequential methods still suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Kai Zhang , Hao Qian , Qing Cui , Qi Liu , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Jianhui Ma , Enhong Chen

Calibration is a basic property for prediction systems, and algorithms for achieving it are well-studied in both statistics and machine learning. In many applications, however, the predictions are used to make decisions that select which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-19 H. Brendan McMahan , Omkar Muralidharan

In many web applications, deep learning-based CTR prediction models (deep CTR models for short) are widely adopted. Traditional deep CTR models learn patterns in a static manner, i.e., the network parameters are the same across all the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Bencheng Yan , Pengjie Wang , Kai Zhang , Feng Li , Hongbo Deng , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

In digital advertising, Click-Through Rate (CTR) and Conversion Rate (CVR) are very important metrics for evaluating ad performance. As a result, ad event prediction systems are vital and widely used for sponsored search and display…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Saeid Soheily Khah , Yiming Wu

User behaviors on an e-commerce app not only contain different kinds of feedback on items but also sometimes imply the cognitive clue of the user's decision-making. For understanding the psychological procedure behind user decisions, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Jian Dong , Yisong Yu , Yapeng Zhang , Yimin Lv , Shuli Wang , Beihong Jin , Yongkang Wang , Xingxing Wang , Dong Wang

In counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) user interactions are used as a source of supervision. Since user interactions come with bias, an important focus of research in this field lies in developing methods to correct for the bias of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ali Vardasbi , Maarten de Rijke , Ilya Markov

In Conversational Recommendation Systems (CRS), a user can provide feedback on recommended items at each interaction turn, leading the CRS towards more desirable recommendations. Currently, different types of CRS offer various possibilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Maria Vlachou , Craig Macdonald

Post-click Conversion Rate (CVR) prediction task plays an essential role in industrial applications, such as recommendation and advertising. Conventional CVR methods typically suffer from the data sparsity problem as they rely only on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Kai Ouyang , Wenhao Zheng , Chen Tang , Xuanji Xiao , Hai-Tao Zheng

Large-scale online recommender system spreads all over the Internet being in charge of two basic tasks: Click-Through Rate (CTR) and Post-Click Conversion Rate (CVR) estimations. However, traditional CVR estimators suffer from well-known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Zhenhao Jiang , Biao Zeng , Hao Feng , Jin Liu , Jicong Fan , Jie Zhang , Jia Jia , Ning Hu , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Embedding tables are usually huge in click-through rate (CTR) prediction models. To train and deploy the CTR models efficiently and economically, it is necessary to compress their embedding tables at the training stage. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shiwei Li , Huifeng Guo , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Xing Tang , Ruiming Tang , Rui Zhang , Ruixuan Li

Counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) has attracted extensive attention in the IR community for its ability to leverage massive logged user interaction data to train ranking models. While the CLTR models can be theoretically unbiased when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zechun Niu , Zhilin Zhang , Jiaxin Mao , Qingyao Ai , Ji-Rong Wen