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We develop a simple, fast and predictive model of the hierarchical formation of galaxies which is in quantitative agreement with observations. Comparing simulations with observations we place constraints on the density of the universe and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 B. Hoeneisen

A key yet unresolved question in modern-day astronomy is how galaxies formed and evolved under the paradigm of the $\Lambda$CDM model. A critical limiting factor lies in the lack of robust tools to describe the merger history through a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-07 Kwok Sun Tang , Yuan-Sen Ting

We present a new model to describe the star formation process in galaxies, which includes the description of the different gas phases -- molecular, atomic, and ionized -- together with its metal content. The model, which will be coupled to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-14 Ezequiel Lozano , Cecilia Scannapieco , Sebastian E. Nuza

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are likelihood-based models for continuous inputs. They have demonstrated promising results on both density estimation and generative modeling tasks, but have received relatively little attention in recent years. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuangfei Zhai , Ruixiang Zhang , Preetum Nakkiran , David Berthelot , Jiatao Gu , Huangjie Zheng , Tianrong Chen , Miguel Angel Bautista , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

Normalizing Flows are generative models which produce tractable distributions where both sampling and density evaluation can be efficient and exact. The goal of this survey article is to give a coherent and comprehensive review of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-09 Ivan Kobyzev , Simon J. D. Prince , Marcus A. Brubaker

We review theoretical approaches to the study of galaxy formation, with emphasis on the role of hydrodynamic simulations in modeling the high redshift galaxy population. We present new predictions for the abundance of star-forming galaxies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David H. Weinberg , Romeel Dave' , Jeffrey P. Gardner , Lars Hernquist , Neal Katz

We extend a machine learning (ML) framework presented previously to model galaxy formation and evolution in a hierarchical universe using N-body + hydrodynamical simulations. In this work, we show that ML is a promising technique to study…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-17 Harshil M. Kamdar , Matthew J. Turk , Robert J. Brunner

We discuss early results from the first large N-body/hydrodynamical simulation to resolve the formation of galaxies in a cold dark matter universe. The simulation follows the formation of galaxies by gas cooling within dark halos of mass a…

The interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies is multiphase and cloudy, with stars forming in the very dense, cold gas found in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Simulating the evolution of an entire galaxy, however, is a computational problem…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Leila C. Powell , Frederic Bournaud , Damien Chapon , Julien Devriendt , Adrianne Slyz , Romain Teyssier

An overview over the current status of modeling galaxies by means of numerical simulations is given. After a short description of how galaxies form in hierarchically clustering scenarios, success and failures of current simulations are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthias Steinmetz

Numerical simulations have become a major tool for understanding galaxy formation and evolution. Over the decades the field has made significant progress. It is now possible to simulate the formation of individual galaxies and galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Thorsten Naab , Jeremiah P. Ostriker

Knowledge of galaxy evolution rests on cross-sectional observations of different objects at different times. Understanding of galaxy evolution rests on longitudinal interpretations of how these data relate to individual objects moving…

We present a data-driven method for reconstructing the galactic acceleration field from phase-space measurements of stellar streams. Our approach is based on a flexible and differentiable fit to the stream in phase-space, enabling a direct…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-31 Jacob Nibauer , Vasily Belokurov , Miles Cranmer , Jeremy Goodman , Shirley Ho

We present a new version of the GALFORM semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. This brings together several previous developments of GALFORM into a single unified model, including a different initial mass function (IMF) in quiescent…

We introduce a new methodology for the direct extraction of galaxy physical parameters from multi-wavelength photometry and spectroscopy. We use semi-analytic models that describe galaxy evolution in the context of large scale cosmological…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-21 D. Christopher Martin , Thiago Goncalves , Behnam Darvish , Mark Seibert , David Schiminovich

Normalizing flows (NFs) are end-to-end likelihood-based generative models for continuous data, and have recently regained attention with encouraging progress on image generation. Yet in the video generation domain, where spatiotemporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiatao Gu , Ying Shen , Tianrong Chen , Laurent Dinh , Yuyang Wang , Miguel Angel Bautista , David Berthelot , Josh Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai

We investigate the triggering of star formation in clouds that form in Galactic scale flows as the ISM passes through spiral shocks. We use the Lagrangian nature of SPH simulations to trace how the star forming gas is gathered into…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-08 R. Smilgys , I. A. Bonnell

We derive and analyse the star formation histories of 393 intermediate-redshift (0.1 $\leq$ z $\leq$ 0.9) galaxies with stellar masses between $\sim$10$^{8}$ - 10$^{12}$ M$_{\odot}$. We probe a cosmic time of approximately 6 Gyr and a range…

Galaxies grow through star formation (in-situ) and accretion (ex-situ) of other galaxies. Reconstructing the relative contribution of these two growth channels is crucial for constraining the processes of galaxy formation in a cosmological…

The current understanding of galaxy formation is that it proceeds in a 'bottom up' way, with the formation of small clumps of gas and stars that merge hierarchically until giant galaxies are built up. The baryonic gas loses the thermal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-16 Masao Mori , Masayuki Umemura