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Machine learning models deployed as a service (MLaaS) are susceptible to model stealing attacks, where an adversary attempts to steal the model within a restricted access framework. While existing attacks demonstrate near-perfect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Sunandini Sanyal , Sravanti Addepalli , R. Venkatesh Babu

Machine learning as a Service (MLaaS) allows users to query the machine learning model in an API manner, which provides an opportunity for users to enjoy the benefits brought by the high-performance model trained on valuable data. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yiyong Liu , Rui Wen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Machine learning is being increasingly used by individuals, research institutions, and corporations. This has resulted in the surge of Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) - cloud services that provide (a) tools and resources to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Varun Chandrasekaran , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Irene Giacomelli , Somesh Jha , Songbai Yan

Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has become a widespread paradigm, making even the most complex machine learning models available for clients via e.g. a pay-per-query principle. This allows users to avoid time-consuming processes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Daryna Oliynyk , Rudolf Mayer , Andreas Rauber

The advance of explainable artificial intelligence, which provides reasons for its predictions, is expected to accelerate the use of deep neural networks in the real world like Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) that returns predictions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Takayuki Miura , Satoshi Hasegawa , Toshiki Shibahara

Machine learning (ML) has become a core component of many real-world applications and training data is a key factor that drives current progress. This huge success has led Internet companies to deploy machine learning as a service (MLaaS).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Ahmed Salem , Yang Zhang , Mathias Humbert , Pascal Berrang , Mario Fritz , Michael Backes

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the essential components for various commercialized machine learning services, such as Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Recent studies show that machine learning services face severe privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xiaoyong Yuan , Leah Ding , Lan Zhang , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

Machine learning models are increasingly used in fields that require high reliability such as cybersecurity. However, these models remain vulnerable to various attacks, among which the adversarial label-flipping attack poses significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinglong Chang , Gillian Dobbie , Jörg Wicker

Machine Learning-as-a-Service systems (MLaaS) have been largely developed for cybersecurity-critical applications, such as detecting network intrusions and fake news campaigns. Despite effectiveness, their robustness against adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Helene Orsini , Hongyan Bao , Yujun Zhou , Xiangrui Xu , Yufei Han , Longyang Yi , Wei Wang , Xin Gao , Xiangliang Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging solution to the data scarcity problem for training deep learning models in hardware assurance. While FL is designed to enhance privacy by not sharing raw data, it remains vulnerable to Membership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gijung Lee , Wavid Bowman , Olivia P. Dizon-Paradis , Reiner N. Dizon-Paradis , Ronald Wilson , Damon L. Woodard , Domenic Forte

The rise of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has led to the widespread deployment of machine learning models trained on diverse datasets. These models are employed for predictive services through APIs, raising concerns about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Mahendra Gurve , Sankar Behera , Satyadev Ahlawat , Yamuna Prasad

Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly common in security applications, such as malware and intrusion detection. However, ML models are often susceptible to evasion attacks, in which an adversary makes changes to the input (such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Liang Tong , Bo Li , Chen Hajaj , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) is often provided as a pay-per-query, black-box system to clients. Such a black-box approach not only hinders open replication, validation, and interpretation of model results, but also makes it harder…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jonathan Rosenthal , Shanchao Liang , Kevin Zhang , Lin Tan

Recent studies indicate that current adversarial attack methods are flawed and easy to fail when encountering some deliberately designed defense. Sometimes even a slight modification in the model details will invalidate the attack. We find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Chaohao Fu , Hongbin Chen , Na Ruan , Weijia Jia

The success of deep learning in transient stability assessment (TSA) heavily relies on high-quality training data. However, the label information in TSA datasets is vulnerable to contamination through false label injection (FLI)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hanxuan Wang , Na Lu , Yinhong Liu , Zhuqing Wang , Zixuan Wang

Machine learning (ML) models have significantly grown in complexity and utility, driving advances across multiple domains. However, substantial computational resources and specialized expertise have historically restricted their wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

The growing cybersecurity threats make it essential to use high-quality data to train Machine Learning (ML) models for network traffic analysis, without noisy or missing data. By selecting the most relevant features for cyber-attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 João Vitorino , Miguel Silva , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Amit Chakraborty , Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

In the standard privacy-preserving Machine learning as-a-service (MLaaS) model, the client encrypts data using homomorphic encryption and uploads it to a server for computation. The result is then sent back to the client for decryption. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Luke Sperling , Sandeep S. Kulkarni

The success of deep learning in medical imaging applications has led several companies to deploy proprietary models in diagnostic workflows, offering monetized services. Even though model weights are hidden to protect the intellectual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Ankita Raj , Harsh Swaika , Deepankar Varma , Chetan Arora
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