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In this paper we review the experimental and observational searches for stable, massive, elementary particles other than the electron and proton. The particles may be neutral, may have unit charge or may have fractional charge. They may…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2010-12-09 Martin L. Perl , Peter C. Kim , Valerie Halyo , Eric R. Lee , Irwin T. Lee , Dinesh Loomba , Klaus S. Lackner

In this paper I review a number of recent results in the field of exotic atoms. Recent experiments or ongoing experiments with muonic, pionic and antiprotonic hydrogen, as well as recent measurement of the pion mass are described. These…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul Indelicato

Atomic spectroscopy can be used to search for new bosons that carry exotic forces between elementary fermions. A comparison of a recent precise measurement [Bullis \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{130}, 203001 (2023)] of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Lei Cong , Filip Ficek , Pavel Fadeev , Dmitry Budker

In a seminal paper now a decade old, it was shown that dark matter detectors geared at probing interactions with nucleons could also be used to probe dark matter interactions with electrons. In this work, we show that new detector concepts…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-24 Sinéad M. Griffin , Guy Daniel Hadas , Yonit Hochberg , Katherine Inzani , Benjamin V. Lehmann

The search for axions sits at the intersection of solving critical problems in fundamental physics, including the strong CP problem in QCD, uncovering the nature of dark matter, and understanding the origin of the universe's…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-01-15 Zitong Xu , Xing Heng , Guoqing Tian , Di Gong , Lei Cong , Wei Ji , Dmitry Budker , Kai Wei

The nature of cosmological dark matter finds its explanation in physics beyond the Standard model of elementary particles. The landscape of dark matter candidates contains a wide variety of species, either elusive or hardly detectable in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-12-01 Maxim Yu. Khlopov

The nature of dark matter is one of the most pressing questions in particle physics. Yet all our present knowledge of the dark sector to date comes from its gravitational interactions with astrophysical systems. Moreover, astronomical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-14 Matthew R. Buckley , Annika H. G. Peter

An ultra-light axion with CP violating interactions with a dark sector and CP preserving interactions with the visible sector can act as a novel portal between dark matter and the Standard Model. In such theories, dark matter sources an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-12 Edward Hardy , Mario Reig , Juri Smirnov

Astronomical and cosmological observations of the past 80 years build solid evidence that atomic matter makes up only a small fraction of the matter in the universe. The dominant fraction does not interact with electromagnetic radiation,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Wolfgang Rau

Dark matter constitutes $26\%$ of the total energy in our universe, but its nature remains elusive. Among the assortment of viable dark matter candidates, particles and fields with masses lighter than $40 \mathrm{eV}$, called ultralight…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-02 Hong-Yi Zhang

Many theoretically well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics predict the existence of the axion and further ultralight axion-like particles. They may constitute the mysterious dark matter in the universe and solve…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Andreas Ringwald

Light, weakly coupled bosonic particles such as axions can mediate long range monopole-dipole interactions between matter and spins. We propose a new experimental method using atom interferometry to detect such a force on a freely falling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-24 Mahiro Abe , Jason M. Hogan , David E. Kaplan , Chris Overstreet , Surjeet Rajendran

In this review, we discuss the role of the various experimental programs taking part in the broader effort to identify the particle nature of dark matter. In particular, we focus on electroweak scale dark matter particles and discuss a wide…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Dan Hooper , Edward A. Baltz

Ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated dark matter candidates introduced by theories beyond the standard model. However, the constraints on the existence of ALPs through existing laboratory experiments are hindered by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-01 Min Jiang , Haowen Su , Antoine Garcon , Xinhua Peng , Dmitry Budker

We review the physics of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) as dark matter candidates and the experimental strategies used to search for them with precision and quantum technologies. In the ultralight regime, the enormous occupation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-25 Sreemanti Chakraborti

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical particles that serve as promising candidates for cold dark matter. Portals like inelastic axion scattering and axion propagated force have been employed to search for the upper limit of the ALPs'…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-24 Dongyi Yang , Chenxi Sun , Jianwei Zhang

Light bosons, beyond the standard model and as prominent candidates for dark matter, can mediate velocity and spin dependent exotic interaction between electron spins and nucleons. At short ranges, it remains an open challenge to test this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-01 Kenan Tian , Yuanji Sheng , Rui Li , Lei Wang , Peiran Yin , Shaochun Lin , Dingjiang Long , Chang-Kui Duan , Xi Kong , Pu Huang , Jiangfeng Du

Complex molecules are intriguing objects at the interface between quantum and classical phenomena. Compared to the electrons, neutrons, or atoms studied in earlier matter-wave experiments, they feature a much more complicated internal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Markus Arndt , Stefan Gerlich , Klaus Hornberger

We study the case of multi-component dark matter, in particular how direct detection signals are modified in the presence of several stable weakly-interacting-massive particles. Assuming a positive signal in a future direct detection…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-29 Juan Herrero-Garcia , Andre Scaffidi , Martin White , Anthony G. Williams

Results are reported from a search for a class of composite dark matter models with feeble, long-range interactions with normal matter. We search for impulses arising from passing dark matter particles by monitoring the mechanical motion of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2020-11-03 Fernando Monteiro , Gadi Afek , Daniel Carney , Gordan Krnjaic , Jiaxiang Wang , David C. Moore