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Although General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in the weak gravity regime, similar tests in the strong gravity regime are still missing. In this paper we explore the possibility to use X-ray spectropolarimetric observations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 Henric Krawczynski

Einstein's theory of general relativity (GR) provides the best available description of gravity. The recent detection of gravitational waves and the first picture of a black hole have provided spectacular confirmations of GR, as well as…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-08-26 Jorge Pinochet

While Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in our solar system, it is just beginning to be tested in the strong gravitational fields that surround black holes. As a way to study the behavior of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-14 Janie K. Hoormann

The nature of gravity is fundamental to understand the scaffolding of the Universe and its evolution. Einstein's general theory of relativity has been scrutinized for over ninety five years and shown to describe accurately all phenomena…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-12-12 Orfeu Bertolami

In 1945 Einstein concluded that [1]: 'The present theory of relativity is based on a division of physical reality into a metric field (gravitation) on the one hand, and into an electromagnetic field and matter on the other hand. In reality…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-13 Johan Bengtsson

The nature of gravity is fundamental to our understanding of our own solar system, the galaxy and the structure and evolution of the Universe. Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard model that is used for almost ninety…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Orfeu Bertolami , Jorge Paramos , Slava G. Turyshev

More than a century ago, Albert Einstein presented his general theory of gravitation (GR) to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. One of the predictions of the theory is that not only particles and objects with mass, but also the quanta of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-09 Reinhard Genzel , Frank Eisenhauer , Stefan Gillessen

The most simple observed cases of gravitational lensing of distant quasars and galaxies by galaxies and clusters of galaxies are used to test Einstein's theory of General Relativity and Newtonian Gravity over galactic and intergalactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 Arnon Dar

General Relativity (GR) is a phenomenologically successful theory that rests on firm foundations, but has not been tested on cosmological scales. The advent of dark energy (and possibly even the requirement of cold dark matter), has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 Constantinos Skordis

Despite its success in the weak gravity regime, General Relativity (GR) has yet to be verified in the regime of strong gravity. In this paper, we present the results of detailed ray tracing simulations aiming at clarifying if the combined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-23 Janie K. Hoormann , Banafsheh Beheshtipour , Henric Krawczynski

In the past decades, the phenomenology of fast time variations of high-energy flux from black-hole binaries has increased, thanks to the availability of more and more sophisticated space observatories, and a complex picture has emerged.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-19 Tomaso M. Belloni

In this review, I have tried to focus on the development of the field, from the first speculations to the current lines of research. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, black holes are relatively simple objects and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Cosimo Bambi

After recalling the conceptual foundations and the basic structure of general relativity, we review some of its main modern developments (apart from cosmology) : (i) the post-Newtonian limit and weak-field tests in the solar system, (ii)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 Thibault Damour

A century ago, Einstein formulated his elegant and elaborate theory of General Relativity, which has so far withstood a multitude of empirical tests with remarkable success. Notwithstanding the triumphs of Einstein's theory, the tenacious…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-01 Lavinia Heisenberg

Even if Einstein's General Relativity achieved a great success and overcame lots of experimental tests, it also showed some shortcomings and flaws which today advise theorists to ask if it is the definitive theory of gravity. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-21 Christian Corda

Einsteins general theory of relativity is one of the most important accomplishments in the history of science. Its experimental verification a century ago is therefore an essential milestone that is worth celebrating in full. We reassess…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Luís C. B. Crispino , Daniel Kennefick

Soon after he proposed three classic observational tests for the general theory of relativity, Einstein realised that a consistent description of the universe as a whole provided another important challenge for the theory. In this essay, we…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Cormac O'Raifeartaigh

Even if Einstein's General Relativity achieved a great success and overcame lots of experimental tests, it also showed some shortcomings and flaws which today advise theorists to ask if it is the definitive theory of gravity. In this essay…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-21 Christian Corda

In this paper, we review our current efforts to test General Relativity in the strong field regime by studying the reflection spectrum of supermassive black holes. So far we have analyzed 11 sources with observations of NuSTAR, Suzaku,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-19 Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Sourabh Nampalliwar , Ashutosh Tripathi , Jelen Wong , Yerong Xu , Jinli Yan , Yunfeng Yan , Yuchan Yang

Einstein's gravity has been extensively tested in the weak field regime, primarily with experiments in the Solar System and observations of binary pulsars, and current data agree well with theoretical predictions. On the other hand, strong…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-27 Ashutosh Tripathi