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Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Quantization has been widely used to compress and accelerate inference of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods focus on exploring the per-token dynamic calibration to ensure both inference acceleration and model accuracy under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jinguang Wang , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Tingting Yang , Zirui Zhuang , Wanyi Ning , Yuexi Yin , Qi Qi , Jianxin Liao

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly prominent for daily tasks, from improving sound-totext translation to generating additional frames for the latest video games. With the help of LLM inference frameworks, such as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jude Haris , José Cano

Despite the superior performance, Large Language Models~(LLMs) require significant computational resources for deployment and use. To overcome this issue, quantization methods have been widely applied to reduce the memory footprint of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Peiyu Liu , Zikang Liu , Ze-Feng Gao , Dawei Gao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Ji-Rong Wen

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) from the GPT family have become extremely popular, leading to a race towards reducing their inference costs to allow for efficient local computation. Yet, the vast majority of existing work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Saleh Ashkboos , Ilia Markov , Elias Frantar , Tingxuan Zhong , Xincheng Wang , Jie Ren , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Despite the growing interest in Small Language Models (SLMs) as resource-efficient alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to unresolved efficiency gaps in model compression.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiacheng Wang , Yejun Zeng , Jinyang Guo , Yuqing Ma , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose significant hardware challenges related to memory requirements and computational ability. There are two mainstream quantization schemes for LLMs: coarse-grained ($\textit{e.g.,}$ channel-wise) quantization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Luoming Zhang , Wen Fei , Weijia Wu , Yefei He , Zhenyu Lou , Hong Zhou

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various kinds of tasks, while the billion or even trillion parameters bring storage and efficiency bottlenecks for inference. Quantization, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mengtao Lv , Ruiqi Zhu , Xinyu Wang , Yun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but suffer inefficiency due to massive scale. While quantization reduces computational costs, existing methods degrade accuracy in medium-sized LLMs (e.g., Llama-3-8B) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuxuan Hu , Xiaodong Chen , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Recently, quantization has been widely used for the compression and acceleration of large language models (LLMs). Due to the outliers in LLMs, it is crucial to flatten weights and activations to minimize quantization error with equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuxuan Sun , Ruikang Liu , Haoli Bai , Han Bao , Kang Zhao , Yuening Li , Jiaxin Hu , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Xin Jiang , Wulong Liu , Jun Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown an impressive capability in code generation. The LLM effectiveness generally increases with its size: The higher the number of LLM's trainable parameters the better its ability to implement code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Alessandro Giagnorio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Saima Afrin , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

The growing computational demands of training large language models (LLMs) necessitate more efficient methods. Quantized training presents a promising solution by enabling low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce these costs. While FP8…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ruizhe Wang , Yeyun Gong , Xiao Liu , Guoshuai Zhao , Ziyue Yang , Baining Guo , Zhengjun Zha , Peng Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) are crucial in modern natural language processing and artificial intelligence. However, they face challenges in managing their significant memory requirements. Although quantization-aware training (QAT) offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mengzhao Chen , Wenqi Shao , Peng Xu , Jiahao Wang , Peng Gao , Kaipeng Zhang , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique