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Cultural context profoundly shapes how people interpret online content, yet vision-language models (VLMs) remain predominantly trained through Western or English-centric lenses. This limits their fairness and cross-cultural robustness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mo Wang , Kaixuan Ren , Pratik Jalan , Ahmed Ashraf , Tuong Vy Vu , Rahul Seetharaman , Shah Nawaz , Usman Naseem

Although social media platforms are a prominent arena for users to engage in interpersonal discussions and express opinions, the facade and anonymity offered by social media may allow users to spew hate speech and offensive content. Given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ayushi Nirmal , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Paras Sheth , Huan Liu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have intensified the need to understand and reliably curb their harmful behaviours. We introduce a multidimensional framework for probing and steering harmful content in model internals. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 McNair Shah , Saleena Angeline , Adhitya Rajendra Kumar , Naitik Chheda , Kevin Zhu , Vasu Sharma , Sean O'Brien , Will Cai

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced performance across benchmarks. However, data contamination-unintentional memorization of benchmark data during model training-poses critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dingjie Song , Sicheng Lai , Mingxuan Wang , Shunian Chen , Lichao Sun , Benyou Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), representing a significant achievement in artificial intelligence (AI) research, have demonstrated their ability in a multitude of tasks. This project aims to explore the capabilities of GPT-3.5, a leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jingjing Wang , Joshua Luo , Grace Yang , Allen Hong , Feng Luo

Hateful Memes is a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. Difficult examples are added to the dataset to make it hard to rely on unimodal signals, which means only multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Xiayu Zhong

Memes, which rapidly disseminate personal opinions and positions across the internet, also pose significant challenges in propagating social bias and prejudice. This study presents a novel approach to detecting harmful memes, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jingtao Cao , Zheng Zhang , Hongru Wang , Bin Liang , Hao Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Toxicity detection in multimodal text-image content faces growing challenges, especially with multimodal implicit toxicity, where each modality appears benign on its own but conveys hazard when combined. Multimodal implicit toxicity appears…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shiyao Cui , Qinglin Zhang , Xuan Ouyang , Renmiao Chen , Zhexin Zhang , Yida Lu , Hongning Wang , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang

In this paper, we present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of vision-language models (VLMs) for disparate meme classification tasks. We introduced a novel approach that generates a VLM-based understanding of meme images and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Deepesh Gavit , Debajyoti Mazumder , Samiran Das , Jasabanta Patro

The rise of multimodal misinformation on social platforms poses significant challenges for individuals and societies. Its increased credibility and broader impact compared to textual misinformation make detection complex, requiring robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Keyang Xuan , Li Yi , Fan Yang , Ruochen Wu , Yi R. Fung , Heng Ji

With the rapid rise of social media and Internet culture, memes have become a popular medium for expressing emotional tendencies. This has sparked growing interest in Meme Emotion Understanding (MEU), which aims to classify the emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

Memes have become a distinctive and effective form of communication in the digital era, attracting online communities and cutting across cultural barriers. Even though memes are frequently linked with humor, they have an amazing capacity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kazi Toufique Elahi , Tasnuva Binte Rahman , Shakil Shahriar , Samir Sarker , Sajib Kumar Saha Joy , Faisal Muhammad Shah

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang

Traditional online content moderation systems struggle to classify modern multimodal means of communication, such as memes, a highly nuanced and information-dense medium. This task is especially hard in a culturally diverse society like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Cao Yuxuan , Wu Jiayang , Alistair Cheong Liang Chuen , Bryan Shan Guanrong , Theodore Lee Chong Jen , Sherman Chann Zhi Shen

DeepFakes, which refer to AI-generated media content, have become an increasing concern due to their use as a means for disinformation. Detecting DeepFakes is currently solved with programmed machine learning algorithms. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Shan Jia , Reilin Lyu , Kangran Zhao , Yize Chen , Zhiyuan Yan , Yan Ju , Chuanbo Hu , Xin Li , Baoyuan Wu , Siwei Lyu

Harmful or abusive online content has been increasing over time, raising concerns for social media platforms, government agencies, and policymakers. Such harmful or abusive content can have major negative impact on society, e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Rabindra Nath Nandi , Firoj Alam , Preslav Nakov

Social media influence campaigns pose significant challenges to public discourse and democracy. Traditional detection methods fall short due to the complexity and dynamic nature of social media. Addressing this, we propose a novel detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca Luceri , Eric Boniardi , Emilio Ferrara

Hateful meme detection is a new research area recently brought out that requires both visual, linguistic understanding of the meme and some background knowledge to performing well on the task. This technical report summarises the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ron Zhu

This paper has been accepted in the NeurIPS 2024 D & B Track. Harmful memes have proliferated on the Chinese Internet, while research on detecting Chinese harmful memes significantly lags behind due to the absence of reliable datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Hongbo Wang , Haohao Zhu , Dongyu Zhang , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Internet memes, channels for humor, social commentary, and cultural expression, are increasingly used to spread toxic messages. Studies on the computational analyses of toxic memes have significantly grown over the past five years, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Erik Tjong Kim Sang , Davide Ceolin