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Differential temporal difference (TD) methods are value-based reinforcement learning algorithms that have been proposed for infinite-horizon problems. They rely on reward centering, where each reward is centered by the average reward. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kris De Asis , Mohamed Elsayed , Jiamin He

Temporal Difference learning or TD($\lambda$) is a fundamental algorithm in the field of reinforcement learning. However, setting TD's $\lambda$ parameter, which controls the timescale of TD updates, is generally left up to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Timothy A. Mann , Hugo Penedones , Shie Mannor , Todd Hester

Temporal difference (TD) learning is one of the main foundations of modern reinforcement learning. This paper studies the use of TD(0), a canonical TD algorithm, to estimate the value function of a given policy from a batch of data. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brahma Pavse , Ishan Durugkar , Josiah Hanna , Peter Stone

Tasking machine learning to predict segments of a time series requires estimating the parameters of a ML model with input/output pairs from the time series. Using the equivalence between statistical data assimilation and supervised machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Alexander J. A. Ty , Zheng Fang , Rivver A. Gonzalez , Paul J. Rozdeba , Henry D. I. Abarbanel

This paper investigates estimating the variance of a temporal-difference learning agent's update target. Most reinforcement learning methods use an estimate of the value function, which captures how good it is for the agent to be in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Craig Sherstan , Brendan Bennett , Kenny Young , Dylan R. Ashley , Adam White , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton

Topological data analysis (TDA) offers novel mathematical tools for deep learning. Inspired by Carlsson et al., this study designs topology-aware convolutional kernels that significantly improve speech recognition networks. Theoretically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiwang Yu

The goal of this paper is to study a distributed version of the gradient temporal-difference (GTD) learning algorithm for multi-agent Markov decision processes (MDPs). The temporal difference (TD) learning is a reinforcement learning (RL)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Donghwan Lee , Hyungjin Yoon , Naira Hovakimyan

Temporal Difference Learning (TD(0)) is fundamental in reinforcement learning, yet its finite-sample behavior under non-i.i.d. data and nonlinear approximation remains unknown. We provide the first high-probability, finite-sample analysis…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-22 Anupama Sridhar , Alexander Johansen

We consider the problem of finding the optimal value of n in the n-step temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm. Our objective function for the optimization problem is the average root mean squared error (RMSE). We find the optimal n by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Lakshmi Mandal , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We propose \emph{Taylorized training} as an initiative towards better understanding neural network training at finite width. Taylorized training involves training the $k$-th order Taylor expansion of the neural network at initialization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Yu Bai , Ben Krause , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

This paper motivates and develops source traces for temporal difference (TD) learning in the tabular setting. Source traces are like eligibility traces, but model potential histories rather than immediate ones. This allows TD errors to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Silviu Pitis

We develop a method for training neural networks on Boolean data in which the values at all nodes are strictly $\pm 1$, and the resulting models are typically equivalent to networks whose nonzero weights are also $\pm 1$. The method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Veit Elser , Manish Krishan Lal

We study the link between generalization and interference in temporal-difference (TD) learning. Interference is defined as the inner product of two different gradients, representing their alignment. This quantity emerges as being of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

TD-learning is a foundation reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for value prediction. Critical to the accuracy of value predictions is the quality of state representations. In this work, we consider the question: how does end-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yunhao Tang , Rémi Munos

We consider the problem of estimating a function from $n$ noisy samples whose discrete Total Variation (TV) is bounded by $C_n$. We reveal a deep connection to the seemingly disparate problem of Strongly Adaptive online learning (Daniely et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Dheeraj Baby , Xuandong Zhao , Yu-Xiang Wang

Transfer Learning (TL) in Deep Neural Networks is gaining importance because in most of the applications, the labeling of data is costly and time-consuming. Additionally, TL also provides an effective weight initialization strategy for Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Aqsa Saeed Qureshi , Asifullah Khan

Learning from non-stationary data streams, also called Task-Free Continual Learning (TFCL) remains challenging due to the absence of explicit task information. Although recently some methods have been proposed for TFCL, they lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Fei Ye , Adrian G. Bors

Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DRRL) focuses on designing policies that achieve good performance under model uncertainties. The goal is to maximize the worst-case long-term discounted reward, where the data for RL comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Saptarshi Mandal , Yashaswini Murthy , R. Srikant

Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a learning disability related to the acquisition of reading skills that affects about 5% of the population. DD can have an enormous impact on the intellectual and personal development of affected children, so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 F. J. Martinez-Murcia , A. Ortiz , Marco A. Formoso , M. Lopez-Zamora , J. L. Luque , A. Giménez

Temporal difference (TD) learning and its variants, such as multistage TD (MS-TD) learning and temporal coherence (TC) learning, have been successfully applied to 2048. These methods rely on the stochasticity of the environment of 2048 for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Hung Guei , Lung-Pin Chen , I-Chen Wu