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Automatically detecting inappropriate content can be a difficult NLP task, requiring understanding context and innuendo, not just identifying specific keywords. Due to the large quantity of online user-generated content, automatic detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Stefania Raimondo , Frank Rudzicz

Malicious web content is a serious problem on the Internet today. In this paper we propose a deep learning approach to detecting malevolent web pages. While past work on web content detection has relied on syntactic parsing or on emulation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-16 Joshua Saxe , Richard Harang , Cody Wild , Hillary Sanders

Recent research has suggested that there are clear differences in the language used in the Dark Web compared to that of the Surface Web. As studies on the Dark Web commonly require textual analysis of the domain, language models specific to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Youngjin Jin , Eugene Jang , Jian Cui , Jin-Woo Chung , Yongjae Lee , Seungwon Shin

Fine-tuning of pre-trained transformer networks such as BERT yield state-of-the-art results for text classification tasks. Typically, fine-tuning is performed on task-specific training datasets in a supervised manner. One can also fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Gregor Wiedemann , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) have shown to be a promising way to dramatically improve the performance across various Natural Language Processing tasks [Devlin et al., 2019]. Meanwhile, progress made over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Zhuo Xu

The internet today has become an unrivalled source of information where people converse on content based websites such as Quora, Reddit, StackOverflow and Twitter asking doubts and sharing knowledge with the world. A major arising problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Ashwin Rachha , Gaurav Vanmane

The spectacular expansion of the Internet has led to the development of a new research problem in the field of natural language processing: automatic toxic comment detection, since many countries prohibit hate speech in public media. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ashwin Geet D'Sa , Irina Illina , Dominique Fohr

Text classification problem is a very broad field of study in the field of natural language processing. In short, the text classification problem is to determine which of the previously determined classes the given text belongs to.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 D. Emre Taşar , Şükrü Ozan , M. Fatih Akca , Oğuzhan Ölmez , Semih Gülüm , Seçilay Kutal , Ceren Belhan

Cyberbullying significantly contributes to mental health issues in communities by negatively impacting the psychology of victims. It is a prevalent problem on social media platforms, necessitating effective, real-time detection and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Adamu Gaston Philipo , Doreen Sebastian Sarwatt , Jianguo Ding , Mahmoud Daneshmand , Huansheng Ning

Advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revolutionized the way researchers and practitioners address crucial societal problems. Large language models are now the standard to develop state-of-the-art solutions for text detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Gaurav Verma , Rohit Mujumdar , Zijie J. Wang , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar

The unevenness importance of criminal activities in the onion domains of the Tor Darknet and the different levels of their appeal to the end-user make them tangled to measure their influence. To this end, this paper presents a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Deisy Chaves

Developing AI systems capable of nuanced ethical reasoning is critical as they increasingly influence human decisions, yet existing models often rely on superficial correlations rather than principled moral understanding. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Mahamodul Hasan Mahadi , Md. Nasif Safwan , Souhardo Rahman , Shahnaj Parvin , Aminun Nahar , Kamruddin Nur

Darknet markets (DNMs) facilitate the trade of illegal goods on a global scale. Gathering data on DNMs is critical to ensuring law enforcement agencies can effectively combat crime. Manually extracting data from DNMs is an error-prone and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Ingmar Bakermans , Daniel De Pascale , Gonçalo Marcelino , Giuseppe Cascavilla , Zeno Geradts

Detecting and classifying suspicious or malicious domain names and URLs is fundamental task in cybersecurity. To leverage such indicators of compromise, cybersecurity vendors and practitioners often maintain and update blacklists of known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Salima Lamsiyah , Meryem Janati Idrissi , Hamza Alami , Zakaria Yartaoui , Ismail Berrada

The exponential increase in scientific literature and online information necessitates efficient methods for extracting knowledge from textual data. Natural language processing (NLP) plays a crucial role in addressing this challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhyar Rzgar K. Rostam , Gábor Kertész

This article presents an evaluation of several machine learning methods applied to automated text classification, alongside the design of a demonstrative system for unbalanced document categorization and distribution. The study focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Radoslaw Roszczyk , Pawel Tecza , Maciej Stodolski , Krzysztof Siwek

The rising rate of drug-related deaths in the United States, largely driven by fentanyl, requires timely and accurate surveillance. However, critical overdose data are often buried in free-text coroner reports, leading to delays and…

With the rise of sophisticated scam websites that exploit human psychological vulnerabilities, distinguishing between legitimate and scam websites has become increasingly challenging. This paper presents ScamFerret, an innovative agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hiroki Nakano , Takashi Koide , Daiki Chiba

Subtle and overt racism is still present both in physical and online communities today and has impacted many lives in different segments of the society. In this short piece of work, we present how we're tackling this societal issue with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Olawale Onabola , Zhuang Ma , Yang Xie , Benjamin Akera , Abdulrahman Ibraheem , Jia Xue , Dianbo Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Malicious URLs host unsolicited content and are used to perpetrate cybercrimes. It is imperative to detect them in a timely manner. Traditionally, this is done through the usage of blacklists, which cannot be exhaustive, and cannot detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Hung Le , Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Steven C. H. Hoi