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Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training by aggregating local updates without requiring raw data sharing. However, prior studies have shown that servers can exploit gradient inversion to compromise user privacy or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yufei Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple users to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing raw data, making it suitable for privacy-sensitive applications. However, local model or weight updates can still leak…

The pervasive adoption of Internet-connected digital services has led to a growing concern in the personal data privacy of their customers. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely adopted by digital service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Jiale Guo , Ziyao Liu , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao , Yiqiang Chen , Chaoping Xing

Secure aggregation of user update vectors (e.g. gradients) has become a critical issue in the field of federated learning. Many Secure Aggregation Protocols (SAPs) face exorbitant computation costs, severely constraining their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siqing Zhang , Yong Liao , Pengyuan Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) enables training Artificial Intelligence (AI) models over end devices without compromising their privacy. As computing tasks are increasingly performed by a combination of cloud, edge, and end devices, FL can benefit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhiyuan Wu , Sheng Sun , Yuwei Wang , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Quyang Pan , Tianliu He , Xuefeng Jiang

Federated Learning enables one to jointly train a machine learning model across distributed clients holding sensitive datasets. In real-world settings, this approach is hindered by expensive communication and privacy concerns. Both of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-19 Constance Beguier , Mathieu Andreux , Eric W. Tramel

Federated learning (FL) faces challenges in ensuring both privacy and communication efficiency, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as Internet of Things (IoT) and edge networks. While sign-based methods, such as sign…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hyeong-Gun Joo , Songnam Hong , Seunghwan Lee , Dong-Joon Shin

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple devices to train a model collaboratively without sharing their data. Despite its benefits, FL is vulnerable to privacy leakage and poisoning attacks. To address the privacy concern, secure aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Peihua Mai , Ran Yan , Yan Pang

Asynchronous federated learning (AFL) is an effective method to address the challenge of device heterogeneity in cross-device federated learning. However, AFL is usually incompatible with existing secure aggregation protocols used to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kun Wang , Yi-Rui Yang , Wu-Jun Li

Federated learning is a distributed framework for training machine learning models over the data residing at mobile devices, while protecting the privacy of individual users. A major bottleneck in scaling federated learning to a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Jinhyun So , Basak Guler , A. Salman Avestimehr

Secure aggregation is a cryptographic protocol that securely computes the aggregation of its inputs. It is pivotal in keeping model updates private in federated learning. Indeed, the use of secure aggregation prevents the server from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dario Pasquini , Danilo Francati , Giuseppe Ateniese

We present two novel federated learning (FL) schemes that mitigate the effect of straggling devices by introducing redundancy on the devices' data across the network. Compared to other schemes in the literature, which deal with stragglers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Reent Schlegel , Siddhartha Kumar , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

To prevent private training data leakage in Fed?erated Learning systems, we propose a novel se?cure aggregation scheme based on seed homomor?phic pseudo-random generator (SHPRG), named SASH. SASH leverages the homomorphic property of SHPRG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Zizhen Liu , Si Chen , Jing Ye , Junfeng Fan , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Federated Averaging remains the most widely used aggregation strategy in federated learning due to its simplicity and scalability. However, its performance degrades significantly in non-IID data settings, where client distributions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Marco Arazzi , Mert Cihangiroglu , Antonino Nocera

With the emergence of privacy leaks in federated learning, secure aggregation protocols that mainly adopt either homomorphic encryption or threshold secret sharing have been widely developed for federated learning to protect the privacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xue Yang , Zifeng Liu , Xiaohu Tang , Rongxing Lu , Bo Liu

Secure aggregation is concerned with the task of securely uploading the inputs of multiple users to an aggregation server without letting the server know the inputs beyond their summation. It finds broad applications in distributed machine…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xiang Zhang , Kai Wan , Hua Sun , Shiqiang Wang , Mingyue Ji , Giuseppe Caire

Secure aggregation is widely used in horizontal Federated Learning (FL), to prevent leakage of training data when model updates from data owners are aggregated. Secure aggregation protocols based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zizhen Liu , Si Chen , Jing Ye , Junfeng Fan , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Deploying federated learning (FL) in real-world scenarios, particularly in healthcare, poses challenges in communication and security. In particular, with respect to the federated aggregation procedure, researchers have been focusing on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Riccardo Taiello , Sergen Cansiz , Marc Vesin , Francesco Cremonesi , Lucia Innocenti , Melek Önen , Marco Lorenzi

Recently, Niu, et. al. introduced a new variant of Federated Learning (FL), called Federated Submodel Learning (FSL). Different from traditional FL, each client locally trains the submodel (e.g., retrieved from the servers) based on its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Jamie Cui , Cen Chen , Tiandi Ye , Li Wang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini