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Adversarial perturbations of normal images are usually imperceptible to humans, but they can seriously confuse state-of-the-art machine learning models. What makes them so special in the eyes of image classifiers? In this paper, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Yang Song , Taesup Kim , Sebastian Nowozin , Stefano Ermon , Nate Kushman

Recently, many studies have demonstrated deep neural network (DNN) classifiers can be fooled by the adversarial example, which is crafted via introducing some perturbations into an original sample. Accordingly, some powerful defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Bin Liang , Hongcheng Li , Miaoqiang Su , Xirong Li , Wenchang Shi , Xiaofeng Wang

Brain tumor classification from magnetic resonance imaging, which is also known as MRI, plays a sensitive role in computer-assisted diagnosis systems. In recent years, deep learning models have achieved high classification accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hiba Adil Al-kharsan , Róbert Rajkó

We introduce the concept of deceptive diffusion -- training a generative AI model to produce adversarial images. Whereas a traditional adversarial attack algorithm aims to perturb an existing image to induce a misclassificaton, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Lucas Beerens , Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to well-designed adversarial attacks. Although numerous defense strategies have been proposed, many are tailored to the specific attacks or tasks and often fail to generalize across diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guang Lin , Duc Thien Nguyen , Zerui Tao , Konstantinos Slavakis , Toshihisa Tanaka , Qibin Zhao

Deep learning (DL)-based Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) has demonstrated great promise in detecting malicious network traffic. However, they face significant security risks due to their vulnerability to adversarial examples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Pratyay Kumar , Abu Saleh Md Tayeen , Satyajayant Misra , Huiping Cao , Jiefei Liu , Qixu Gong , Jayashree Harikumar

Diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated great potential in the field of adversarial robustness, where DM-based defense methods can achieve superior defense capability without adversarial training. However, they all require huge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Hefei Mei , Minjing Dong , Chang Xu

Deep Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) can easily be fooled by subtle, imperceptible changes to the input images. To address this vulnerability, adversarial training creates perturbation patterns and includes them in the training set to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Fatih Porikli

Although deep learning-based visual tracking methods have made significant progress, they exhibit vulnerabilities when facing carefully designed adversarial attacks, which can lead to a sharp decline in tracking performance. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Long Xu , Peng Gao , Wen-Jia Tang , Fei Wang , Ru-Yue Yuan

Robust invisible watermarking aims to embed hidden messages into images such that they survive various manipulations while remaining imperceptible. However, powerful diffusion-based image generation and editing models now enable realistic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Wenkai Fu , Finn Carter , Yue Wang , Emily Davis , Bo Zhang

Information hiding is the process of embedding data within another form of data, often to conceal its existence or prevent unauthorized access. This process is commonly used in various forms of secure communications (steganography) that can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Preston K. Robinette , Daniel Moyer , Taylor T. Johnson

Adversarial purification with diffusion models has emerged as a promising defense strategy, but existing methods typically rely on uniform noise injection, which indiscriminately perturbs all frequencies, corrupting semantic structures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaoyi Huang , Junwei Wu , Kejia Zhang , Carl Yang , Zhiming Luo

The rapid growth of social media has led to the widespread sharing of individual portrait images, which pose serious privacy risks due to the capabilities of automatic face recognition (AFR) systems for mass surveillance. Hence, protecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ali Salar , Qing Liu , Yingli Tian , Guoying Zhao

With the increasing attention to deep neural network (DNN) models, attacks are also upcoming for such models. For example, an attacker may carefully construct images in specific ways (also referred to as adversarial examples) aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuexin Xiang , Tiantian Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Thanks to their remarkable denoising capabilities, diffusion models are increasingly being employed as defensive tools to reinforce the security of other models, notably in purifying adversarial examples and certifying adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Changjiang Li , Ren Pang , Bochuan Cao , Jinghui Chen , Fenglong Ma , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have emerged as a powerful class of deep generative models, achieving remarkable performance in image synthesis tasks. However, these models face challenges in terms of widespread adoption due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Kidist Amde Mekonnen , Nicola Dall'Asen , Paolo Rota

In practice, deep neural networks have been found to be vulnerable to various types of noise, such as adversarial examples and corruption. Various adversarial defense methods have accordingly been developed to improve adversarial robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Chongzhi Zhang , Hang Yu , Qiang Liu , Dacheng Tao

Generative models now produce images with such stunning realism that they can easily deceive the human eye. While this progress unlocks vast creative potential, it also presents significant risks, such as the spread of misinformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yichi Zhang , Xiaogang Xu

Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have vulnerabilities related to security concerns, with attackers usually employing complex hacking techniques to expose their structures. Data poisoning-enabled perturbation attacks are complex adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Mohammed Hassanin , Ibrahim Radwan , Nour Moustafa , Murat Tahtali , Neeraj Kumar

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have gained great attention in adversarial purification. Current diffusion-based works focus on designing effective condition-guided mechanisms while ignoring a fundamental problem, i.e., the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jiancheng Zhang , Peiran Dong , Yongyong Chen , Yin-Ping Zhao , Song Guo