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The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, is vital for the realization of, e.g., quantum networks, distributed quantum computing, and quantum repeaters. The microwave-to-optical quantum transduction is of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Akihiko Sekine , Ryo Murakami , Yoshiyasu Doi

The successes of superconducting quantum circuits at local manipulation of quantum information and photonics technology at long-distance transmission of the same have spurred interest in the development of quantum transducers for efficient,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Marcelo Wu , Emil Zeuthen , Krishna Coimbatore Balram , Kartik Srinivasan

Quantum transduction, the process of converting quantum signals from one form of energy to another, is an important area of quantum science and technology. The present perspective article reviews quantum transduction between microwave and…

The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, between microwave and optical photons is essential for realizing scalable quantum computers with superconducting qubits. Due to the large frequency difference between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Akihiko Sekine , Ryo Murakami , Yoshiyasu Doi

Piezoelectric optomechanical platforms represent one of the most promising routes towards achieving quantum transduction of photons between the microwave and optical frequency domains. However, there are significant challenges to achieving…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-25 Krishna C. Balram , Kartik Srinivasan

Quantum transduction refers to the coherent conversion between microwave and optical states, which can be achieved by quantum teleportation if given high fidelity microwave-optical entanglement, namely entanglement-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Changchun Zhong , Xu Han , Liang Jiang

Transduction of quantum signals between the microwave and the optical ranges will unlock powerful hybrid quantum systems enabling information processing with superconducting qubits and low-noise quantum networking through optical photons.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Furkan Sahbaz , James N. Eckstein , Dale J. Van Harlingen , Simeon I. Bogdanov

Conversion between signals in the microwave and optical domains is of great interest both for classical telecommunication, as well as for connecting future superconducting quantum computers into a global quantum network. For quantum…

A quantum interface between microwave and optical photons is essential for entangling remote superconducting quantum processors. To preserve fragile quantum states, a transducer must operate efficiently while generating less than one photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Han Zhao , William David Chen , Abhishek Kejriwal , Mohammad Mirhosseini

Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion of quantum states between microwave and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Lin Tian

A device capable of converting single quanta of the microwave field to the optical domain is an outstanding endeavour in the context of quantum interconnects between distant superconducting qubits, but likewise can have applications in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Terence Blésin , Hao Tian , Sunil Bhave , Tobias J. Kippenberg

Efficient transduction of electromagnetic signals between different frequency scales is an essential ingredient for modern communication technologies as well as for the emergent field of quantum information processing. Recent advances in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-27 Vincent E. Elfving , Sumanta Das , Anders S. Sørensen

Interfacing electronics with optical fiber networks is key to the long-distance transfer of classical and quantum information. Piezo-optomechanical transducers enable such interfaces by using GHz-frequency acoustic vibrations as mediators…

Optics · Physics 2022-10-26 Han Zhao , Alkim Bozkurt , Mohammad Mirhosseini

A microwave-optical transducer of sufficiently low noise and high signal transfer rate would allow entanglement to be distributed between superconducting quantum processors reliably within the lifetimes of their quantum memories. To clarify…

Quantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them…

Efficient interconversion of both classical and quantum information between microwave and optical frequency is an important engineering challenge. The optomechanical approach with gigahertz-frequency mechanical devices has the potential to…

The coherent transduction between microwave and optical frequencies is critical to interconnect superconducting quantum processors over long distances. However, it is challenging to establish such a quantum interface with high efficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-16 Jing Wu , Chaohan Cui , Linran Fan , Quntao Zhuang

Long distance transmission of quantum information is a central ingredient of distributed quantum information processors for both computing and secure communication. Transmission between superconducting/solid-state quantum processors…

We discuss the implementation of optical quantum networks where the interface between stationary and photonic qubits is realized by optomechanical transducers [K. Stannigel et al., PRL 105, 220501 (2010)]. This approach does not rely on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-04 K. Stannigel , P. Rabl , A. S. Sørensen , M. D. Lukin , P. Zoller

A complete physical approach to quantum information requires a robust interface among flying qubits, long-lifetime memory and computational qubits. Here we present a unified interface for microwave and optical photons, potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-01 M. Hafezi , Z. Kim , S. L. Rolston , L. A. Orozco , B. L. Lev. , J. M. Taylor
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