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We investigate adversarial learning in the case when only an unnormalized form of the density can be accessed, rather than samples. With insights so garnered, adversarial learning is extended to the case for which one has access to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Chunyuan Li , Ke Bai , Jianqiao Li , Guoyin Wang , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

Remote sensing change detection is crucial for understanding the dynamics of our planet's surface, facilitating the monitoring of environmental changes, evaluating human impact, predicting future trends, and supporting decision-making. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M. Patel

It is widely accepted that medical imaging systems should be objectively assessed via task-based image quality (IQ) measures that ideally account for all sources of randomness in the measured image data, including the variation in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xichen Xu , Wentao Chen , Weimin Zhou

Anomaly detection is a significant and hence well-studied problem. However, developing effective anomaly detection methods for complex and high-dimensional data remains a challenge. As Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Houssam Zenati , Manon Romain , Chuan Sheng Foo , Bruno Lecouat , Vijay Ramaseshan Chandrasekhar

Anomaly detection has garnered extensive applications in real industrial manufacturing due to its remarkable effectiveness and efficiency. However, previous generative-based models have been limited by suboptimal reconstruction quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hui Zhang , Zheng Wang , Dan Zeng , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art generative performance and have been used as strong pixel-level representation learners. This paper decomposes the interrelation between the generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zixuan Pan , Jianxu Chen , Yiyu Shi

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have achieved high quality image generation without adversarial training, yet they require simulating a Markov chain for many steps to produce a sample. To accelerate sampling, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jiaming Song , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have achieved impressive performance on various image generation tasks, including image super-resolution. By learning to reverse the process of gradually diffusing the data distribution into…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Kai Zhao , Alex Ling Yu Hung , Kaifeng Pang , Haoxin Zheng , Kyunghyun Sung

The high performance of denoising diffusion models for image generation has paved the way for their application in unsupervised medical anomaly detection. As diffusion-based methods require a lot of GPU memory and have long sampling times,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Julia Wolleb , Florentin Bieder , Paul Friedrich , Peter Zhang , Alicia Durrer , Philippe C. Cattin

Anomaly detection is a classical problem in computer vision, namely the determination of the normal from the abnormal when datasets are highly biased towards one class (normal) due to the insufficient sample size of the other class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Samet Akcay , Amir Atapour-Abarghouei , Toby P. Breckon

Diffusion models have achieved outstanding image generation by reversing a forward noising process to approximate true data distributions. During training, these models predict diffusion scores from noised versions of true samples in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Dazhong Shen , Guanglu Song , Yi Zhang , Bingqi Ma , Lujundong Li , Dongzhi Jiang , Zhuofan Zong , Yu Liu

Existing customization methods require access to multiple reference examples to align pre-trained diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) with user-provided concepts. This paper aims to address the challenge of DPM customization when the only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Jiachun Pan , Jun Hao Liew , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Jiashi Feng , Hanshu Yan

In this work, we present a novel latent diffusion-based pipeline for 3D kidney anomaly detection on contrast-enhanced abdominal CT. The method combines Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs), Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jen Dusseljee , Sarah de Boer , Alessa Hering

Anomaly detection is an emerging approach in digital pathology for its ability to efficiently and effectively utilize data for disease diagnosis. While supervised learning approaches deliver high accuracy, they rely on extensively annotated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Jiamu Wang , Keunho Byeon , Jinsol Song , Anh Nguyen , Sangjeong Ahn , Sung Hak Lee , Jin Tae Kwak

Pre-trained contextualized language models (PrLMs) have led to strong performance gains in downstream natural language understanding tasks. However, PrLMs can still be easily fooled by adversarial word substitution, which is one of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Rongzhou Bao , Jiayi Wang , Hai Zhao

Anomaly detection in tabular data remains challenging due to complex feature interactions and the scarcity of anomalous examples. Denoising autoencoders rely on fixed-magnitude noise, limiting adaptability to diverse data distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Timur Sattarov , Marco Schreyer , Damian Borth

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have demonstrated substantial promise in image generation tasks but heavily rely on the availability of large amounts of training data. Previous works, like GANs, have tackled the limited data problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xiyu Wang , Baijiong Lin , Daochang Liu , Chang Xu

Anomaly detection aims to identify samples that deviate from the nominal data distribution and is central to many safety-critical applications. However, developing effective anomaly detection methods for categorical, mixed-type, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lixing Zhang , Yuchen Liang , Liyan Xie

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) is a promising score distillation technique that compresses pre-trained teacher diffusion models into efficient one-step or multi-step student generators. Nevertheless, its reliance on the reverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yanzuo Lu , Yuxi Ren , Xin Xia , Shanchuan Lin , Xing Wang , Xuefeng Xiao , Andy J. Ma , Xiaohua Xie , Jian-Huang Lai

Industrial surface defect detection often suffers from limited defect samples, severe long-tailed distributions, and difficulties in accurately localizing subtle defects under complex backgrounds. To address these challenges, this paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shuo Feng , Runlin Zhou , Yuyang Li , Guangcan Liu