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Grokking - the delayed transition from memorisation to generalisation in neural networks - remains poorly understood. We study this phenomenon through the geometry of learned representations and identify a consistent empirical signature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Truong Xuan Khanh , Truong Quynh Hoa , Luu Duc Trung , Phan Thanh Duc

In this article, we solve the problem of the long time behaviour of transition probabilities of time-inhomogeneous Markov processes and give a unified approach to stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with periodic, quasi-periodic,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Chunrong Feng , Baoyou Qu , Huaizhong Zhao

Given a L\'evy process $L$, we consider the so-called statistical Skorohod embedding problem of recovering the distribution of an independent random time $T$ based on i.i.d. sample from $L_{T}.$ Our approach is based on the genuine use of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-04 Denis Belomestny , John Schoenmakers

We study the well-posedness of a coupled system of Skorohod-like stochastic differential equations with reflecting boundary condition. The setting describes the evacuation dynamics of a mixed crowd composed of both active and passive…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Thi Kim Thoa Thieu , Adrian Muntean

We establish that the boundaries of the so-called Rost's reversed barrier are the unique couple of left-continuous monotonic functions solving a suitable system of nonlinear integral equations of Volterra type. Our result holds for…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Tiziano De Angelis , Yerkin Kitapbayev

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to solve the (mean-covariance) steering problem for a fairly general class of linear continuous-time stochastic systems subject to input delays. Specifically, we aim at steering delayed linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-27 Gabriel Velho , Riccardo Bonalli , Jean Auriol , Islam Boussaada

Motivated by applications in large-scale and multi-agent reinforcement learning, we study the non-asymptotic performance of stochastic approximation (SA) schemes with delayed updates under Markovian sampling. While the effect of delays has…

This paper presents an embedding-based approach for solving switched optimal control problems (SOCPs) with dwell time constraints. At first, an embedded optimal control problem (EOCP) is defined by replacing the discrete switching signal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Masoud S. Sakha , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

This article explores the properties of an SEIR$^{\text{T}}$R$^{\text{P}}$D endemic model expressed through delay-differential equations with distributed delays for latency and temporary immunity. Our research delves into the variability of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Tin Nwe Aye , Linus Carlsson

We present a numerical framework to approximate the $\mu$-domain in the planar Skorokhod embedding problem (PSEP), recently appeared in \cite{gross2019}. Our approach investigates the continuity and convergence properties of the solutions…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Mrabet Becher , Maher Boudabra , Fathi Haggui

In this paper we study stochastic control problems with delayed information, that is, the control at time $t$ can depend only on the information observed before time $t-H$ for some delay parameter $H$. Such delay occurs frequently in…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Yuri F. Saporito , Jianfeng Zhang

We study the existence, uniqueness and approximation of solutions of stochastic differential equations with constraints driven by processes with bounded p-variation. Our main tool are new estimates showing Lipschitz continuity of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Adrian Falkowski , Leszek Slominski

We study the problem of approximation of solutions of the Skorokhod problem and reflecting stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with jumps by sequences of solutions of equations with penalization terms. Applications to discrete…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-11 Weronika Łaukajtys , Leszek Słomiński

The aim of this paper is to study the dynamical behavior of non-autonomous stochastic hybrid systems with delays. By general Krylov-Bogolyubov's method, we first obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of an evolution system of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-04-15 Dingshi Li , Yusen Lin , Zhe Pu

This paper addresses, for the first time in the literature, optimal control problems for dynamic systems governed by a novel class of sweeping processes with time delay. We establish well-posedness of such processes, in the sense of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Boris Mordukhovich , Dao Nguyen , Trang Nguyen , Norma Ortiz-Robinson , Vinicio Ríos

- In this paper we introduce a new method to solve fixed-delay optimal control problems which exploits numerical homotopy procedures. It is known that solving this kind of problems via indirect methods is complex and computationally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-16 Riccardo Bonalli , Bruno Hérissé , Emmanuel Trélat

Systems with time delay play an important role in modeling of many physical and biological processes. In this paper we describe generic properties of systems with time delay, which are related to the appearance and stability of periodic…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Yanchuk , P. Perlikowski

This paper presents a guided tour of some specific problems encountered in the stability analysis of linear dynamical systems including delays in their systems' representation. More precisely, we will address the characterization of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Silviu-Iulian Niculescu , Islam Boussaada , Xu-Guang Li , Guilherme Mazanti , César-Fernando Méndez-Barrios

This paper continues the study of [11, 13] for stationary solutions of stochastic linear retarded functional differential equations with the emphasis on delays which appear in those terms including spatial partial derivatives. As a…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Kai Liu

This paper focuses on time-varying delayed stochastic differential systems with stochastically switching parameters formulated by a unified switching behavior combining a discrete adapted process and a Cox process. Unlike prior studies…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Xinyu Wu , Zidong Wang , Wenlian Lu