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Continual learning, the ability of a model to adapt to an ongoing sequence of tasks without forgetting earlier ones, is a central goal of artificial intelligence. To better understand its underlying mechanisms, we study the limitations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Hossein Taheri , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

We study the right to be forgotten (GDPR Art. 17) for large language models and frame unlearning as a reproducible systems problem. Our approach treats training as a deterministic program and logs a minimal per-microbatch record (ordered ID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Abdullah X

Machine unlearning, as a pivotal technology for enhancing model robustness and data privacy, has garnered significant attention in prevalent web mining applications, especially in thriving graph-based scenarios. However, most existing graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xunkai Li , Bowen Fan , Zhengyu Wu , Zhiyu Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Graph unlearning technology has become increasingly important since the advent of the `right to be forgotten' and the growing concerns about the privacy and security of artificial intelligence. Graph unlearning aims to quickly eliminate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yi Li , Shichao Zhang , Guixian Zhang , Debo Cheng

Unlearning has been proposed to remove copyrighted and privacy-sensitive data from Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing approaches primarily rely on fine-tuning-based methods, which can be categorized into gradient ascent-based (GA-based)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Zhen Li , Rahul Goutam , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Qi He , Hui Liu

Mitigating bias in language models (LMs) has become a critical problem due to the widespread deployment of LMs. Numerous approaches revolve around data pre-processing and fine-tuning of language models, tasks that can be both time-consuming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Omkar Dige , Diljot Singh , Tsz Fung Yau , Qixuan Zhang , Borna Bolandraftar , Xiaodan Zhu , Faiza Khan Khattak

In this paper, we aim at providing an introduction to the gradient descent based optimization algorithms for learning deep neural network models. Deep learning models involving multiple nonlinear projection layers are very challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jiawei Zhang

Machine unlearning -- efficiently removing the effect of a small "forget set" of training data on a pre-trained machine learning model -- has recently attracted significant research interest. Despite this interest, however, recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kristian Georgiev , Roy Rinberg , Sung Min Park , Shivam Garg , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry , Seth Neel

Exact unlearning was first introduced as a privacy mechanism that allowed a user to retract their data from machine learning models on request. Shortly after, inexact schemes were proposed to mitigate the impractical costs associated with…

With the rapid advancement of AI applications, the growing needs for data privacy and model robustness have highlighted the importance of machine unlearning, especially in thriving graph-based scenarios. However, most existing graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Xunkai Li , Yulin Zhao , Zhengyu Wu , Wentao Zhang , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various domains and tasks, concerns about their safety are becoming increasingly severe. In particular, since models may store unsafe knowledge internally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Huanran Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Meng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in memorizing vast amounts of knowledge across diverse domains. However, the ability to selectively forget specific knowledge is critical for ensuring the safety and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhijie Deng , Chris Yuhao Liu , Zirui Pang , Xinlei He , Lei Feng , Qi Xuan , Zhaowei Zhu , Jiaheng Wei

Machine unlearning (MU) for large language models (LLMs), commonly referred to as LLM unlearning, seeks to remove specific undesirable data or knowledge from a trained model, while maintaining its performance on standard tasks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiwei Chen , Soumyadeep Pal , Yimeng Zhang , Qing Qu , Sijia Liu

As the demand for user privacy grows, controlled data removal (machine unlearning) is becoming an important feature of machine learning models for data-sensitive Web applications such as social networks and recommender systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chao Pan , Eli Chien , Olgica Milenkovic

Machine unlearning for large language models often faces a privacy dilemma in which strict constraints prohibit sharing either the server's parameters or the client's forget set. To address this dual non-disclosure constraint, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tiantong Wang , Xinyu Yan , Tiantong Wu , Yurong Hao , Pengjun Xie , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Modern privacy regulations have spurred the evolution of machine unlearning, a technique that enables the removal of data from an already trained ML model without requiring retraining from scratch. Previous unlearning methods tend to induce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Yuyao Sun , Gao Fei , Yuhang Wang , Haichang Gao , Zhenxing Niu

Privacy protection laws, such as the GDPR, grant individuals the right to request the forgetting of their personal data not only from databases but also from machine learning (ML) models trained on them. Machine unlearning has emerged as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Najeeb Jebreel , David Sánchez

Machine unlearning (MUL) refers to the problem of making a pre-trained model selectively forget some training instances or class(es) while retaining performance on the remaining dataset. Existing MUL research involves fine-tuning using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Soumya Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Vinay Verma , Soumik Dasgupta , Deepak Gupta , Piyush Rai

Federated Learning (FL) has received much attention in recent years. However, although clients are not required to share their data in FL, the global model itself can implicitly remember clients' local data. Therefore, it's necessary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zibin Pan , Zhichao Wang , Chi Li , Kaiyan Zheng , Boqi Wang , Xiaoying Tang , Junhua Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, but their performance can be severely degraded by noisy or corrupted training data. Conventional noise mitigation methods often rely on explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Deliang Jin , Gang Chen , Shuo Feng , Yufeng Ling , Haoran Zhu