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Humans possess a remarkable ability to react to unpredictable perturbations through immediate mechanical responses, which harness the visco-elastic properties of muscles to maintain balance. Inspired by this behaviour, we propose a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Lois Liow , James Brett , Josh Pinskier , Lauren Hanson , Louis Tidswell , Navinda Kottege , David Howard

The mechanical environment of a substrate plays a key role in influencing the behavior of adherent biological cells. Traditional tunable substrates have limitations as their mechanical properties cannot be dynamically altered in-situ during…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-12 Manu Sebastian , Sreenath Balakrishnan , Safvan Palathingal

Robotic arms built from stiffness-adjustable, continuously bending segments serially connected with revolute joints have the ability to change their mechanical architecture and workspace, thus allowing high flexibility and adaptation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Angus B. Clark , Nicolas Rojas

Recently, a class of mechanical lattices with reconfigurable, zero-stiffness structures has been proposed, called Totimorphic lattices. In this work, we introduce a computational framework that enables continuous reprogramming of a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Dominik Dold , Amy Thomas , Nicole Rosi , Jai Grover , Dario Izzo

Tensegrity structures are lightweight, can undergo large deformations, and have outstanding robustness capabilities. These unique properties inspired roboticists to investigate their use. However, the morphological design, control,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Davide Zappetti , Jean Marc Bejjani , Dario Floreano

Architected materials can achieve enhanced properties compared to their plain counterparts. Specific architecting serves as a powerful design lever to achieve targeted behavior without changing the base material. Thus, the connection…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-02-14 Andrew J. Lew , Kai Jin , Markus J. Buehler

In aerospace engineering, there is a growing demand for lightweight design through topology optimization. This paper presents a novel design optimization method for stiffened air rudders, commonly used for aircraft attitude control, based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Yibo Jia , Wen Meng , Zongliang Du , Chang Liu , Shanwei Li , Conglei Wang , Zhifu Ge , Ruiyi Su , Xu Guo

Inflated continuum robots are promising for a variety of navigation tasks, but controlling their motion with a small number of actuators is challenging. These inflated beam robots tend to buckle under compressive loads, producing extremely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Brian H. Do , Valory Banashek , Allison M. Okamura

Piezoelectric transducers applied on or integrated in structures, combined with appropriate circuits have been extensively investigated as a smart approach to the mitigation of resonant vibrations with high relative amplitudes. \cmt{A…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Bart Van Damme , Rico Weber , Jascha U Schmied , Adriaan Spierings , Andrea Bergamini

Kinesthetic garments provide physical feedback on body posture and motion through tailored distributions of reinforced material. Their ability to selectively stiffen a garment's response to specific motions makes them appealing for…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Velko Vechev , Juan Zarate , Bernhard Thomaszewski , Otmar Hilliges

In the automated co-design of soft robots, precisely adapting the material stiffness field to task environments is crucial for unlocking their full physical potential. However, mainstream platforms (e.g., EvoGym) strictly discretize the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Le Shen , Kangyao Huang , Wentao Zhao , Huaping Liu

This paper presents a novel, modular, cable-driven soft robotic arm featuring multi-segment reconfigurability. The proposed architecture enables a stackable system with independent segment control, allowing scalable adaptation to diverse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Moeen Ul Islam , Cheng Ouyang , Xinda Qi , Azlan Zahid , Xiaobo Tan , Dong Chen

Continuum robots have gained widespread popularity due to their inherent compliance and flexibility, particularly their adjustable levels of stiffness for various application scenarios. Despite efforts to dynamic modeling and control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Bowen Yi , Yeman Fan , Dikai Liu , Jose Guadalupe Romero

Knitting turns yarn, a 1D material, into a 2D fabric that is flexible, durable [1], and can be patterned to adopt a wide range of 3D geometries [2]. Like other mechanical metamaterials [3], the elasticity of knitted fabrics is an emergent…

We present a novel method for optimizing the posture of kinematically redundant torque-controlled robots to improve robustness during impacts. A rigid impact model is used as the basis for a configuration-dependent metric that quantifies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Amr Afifi , Ahmad Gazar , Javier Alonso-Mora , Paolo Robuffo Giordano , Antonio Franchi

This study introduces an innovative design for a Variable Stiffness 3 Degrees of Freedom actuated wrist capable of actively and continuously adjusting its overall stiffness by modulating the active length of non-linear elastic elements.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Giuseppe Milazzo , Manuel Giuseppe Catalano , Antonio Bicchi , Giorgio Grioli

Organisms in nature, such as Cephalopods and Pachyderms, exploit stiffness modulation to achieve amazing dexterity in the control of their appendages. In this paper, we explore the phenomenon of layer jamming, which is a popular stiffness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jessica Gumowski , Krishna Manaswi Digumarti , David Howard

Reconfigurable robots that can change their physical configuration post-fabrication have demonstrate their potential in adapting to different environments or tasks. However, it is challenging to determine how to optimally adjust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhe Chen , Li Chen , Hao Zhang , Jianguo Zhao

Architected materials achieve unique mechanical properties through precisely engineered microstructures that minimize material usage. However, a key challenge of low-density materials is balancing high stiffness with stable deformability up…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-20 Matheus I. N. Rosa , Konstantinos Karapiperis , Kaoutar Radi , Dennis M. Kochmann

Pattern-forming metamaterials feature microstructures specifically designed to change the material's macroscopic properties due to internal instabilities. These can be triggered either by mechanical deformation or, in the case of active…