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Language models have the ability to perform in-context learning (ICL), allowing them to flexibly adapt their behavior based on context. This contrasts with in-weights learning (IWL), where memorized information is encoded in model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Suraj Anand , Michael A. Lepori , Jack Merullo , Ellie Pavlick

Building models that generalize across physical systems without retraining remains a central challenge in computational science. Here we introduce In-Context Modeling (ICM), a retrain-free paradigm that infers physical relationships…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lingfeng Li , Zhuoyuan Li , Shun Li , Kaixin Zhan , Huajian Gao , Changqing Chen , Liu Yang

We present Prompt Diffusion, a framework for enabling in-context learning in diffusion-based generative models. Given a pair of task-specific example images, such as depth from/to image and scribble from/to image, and a text guidance, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhendong Wang , Yifan Jiang , Yadong Lu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Mingyuan Zhou

In-context imitation learning enables robots to adapt to new tasks from a small number of demonstrations without additional training. However, existing approaches typically condition only on state-action trajectories and lack explicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Toan Nguyen , Weiduo Yuan , Songlin Wei , Hui Li , Daniel Seita , Yue Wang

The problem of predicting human motion given a sequence of past observations is at the core of many applications in robotics and computer vision. Current state-of-the-art formulate this problem as a sequence-to-sequence task, in which a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Enric Corona , Albert Pumarola , Guillem Alenyà , Francesc Moreno-Noguer

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. However, the underlying working mechanism of ICL remains poorly understood. Recent research presents two conflicting views on ICL: One emphasizes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Anhao Zhao , Fanghua Ye , Jinlan Fu , Xiaoyu Shen

In-context learning (ICL) empowers generative models to address new tasks effectively and efficiently on the fly, without relying on any artificially crafted optimization techniques. In this paper, we study extending ICL to address a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Fan Wang , Chuan Lin , Yang Cao , Yu Kang

Large language models have exhibited intriguing in-context learning capability, achieving promising zero- and few-shot performance without updating the parameters. However, conventional in-context learning is usually restricted by length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Yaru Hao , Yutao Sun , Li Dong , Zhixiong Han , Yuxian Gu , Furu Wei

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

Skeleton-based human action recognition has received widespread attention in recent years due to its diverse range of application scenarios. Due to the different sources of human skeletons, skeleton data naturally exhibit heterogeneity. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Hongsong Wang , Xiaoyan Ma , Jidong Kuang , Jie Gui

Understanding sequential information is a fundamental task for artificial intelligence. Current neural networks attempt to learn spatial and temporal information as a whole, limited their abilities to represent large scale spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Bo Pang , Kaiwen Zha , Hanwen Cao , Jiajun Tang , Minghui Yu , Cewu Lu

Visual In-Context Learning (VICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm, enabling models to perform novel visual tasks by learning from in-context examples. The dominant "retrieve-then-prompt" approach typically relies on selecting the single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wenwen Liao , Jianbo Yu , Yuansong Wang , Qingchao Jiang , Xiaofeng Yang

In-context learning (ICL), the remarkable ability to solve a task from only input exemplars, is often assumed to be a unique hallmark of Transformer models. By examining commonly employed synthetic ICL tasks, we demonstrate that multi-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 William L. Tong , Cengiz Pehlevan

Various contextual information has been employed by many approaches for visual detection tasks. However, most of the existing approaches only focus on specific context for specific tasks. In this paper, GMC, a general framework is proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xuan Wang , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu

In-context learning (ICL) is now a common method for teaching large language models (LLMs) new tasks: given labeled examples in the input context, the LLM learns to perform the task without weight updates. Do models guided via ICL infer the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Aaron Mueller , Albert Webson , Jackson Petty , Tal Linzen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to sequential decision-making through in-context learning (ICL), yet their effectiveness is highly sensitive to prompt quality. Effective prompts should meet three principles: focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ruomeng Ding , Wei Cheng , Minglai Shao , Chen Zhao

The phenomena of in-context learning has typically been thought of as "learning from examples". In this work which focuses on Machine Translation, we present a perspective of in-context learning as the desired generation task maintaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Suzanna Sia , Kevin Duh

Recent work analyzing in-context learning (ICL) has identified a broad set of strategies that describe model behavior in different experimental conditions. We aim to unify these findings by asking why a model learns these disparate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Daniel Wurgaft , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Core Francisco Park , Hidenori Tanaka , Gautam Reddy , Noah D. Goodman

In-context learning (ICL) in Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a powerful new learning paradigm. However, its underlying mechanism is still not well understood. In particular, it is challenging to map it to the "standard" machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Roee Hendel , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson

Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets, have emerged as the preferred approach due to their high generalizability across various tasks. In-context learning (ICL), a popular strategy in natural language processing, uses such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Jiahao Zhang , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara