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The observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen are a promising probe for understanding the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). One of the primary obstacles to the statistical detection of the Cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Eeshan Beohar , Abhirup Datta , Anshuman Tripathi , Samit Kumar Pal , Rashmi Sagar

A first statistical detection of the 21-cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is on the horizon, as cosmological volumes of the Universe become accessible via the adoption of low-frequency interferometers. We explore the impact which non-identical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 A. Chokshi , N. Barry , J. L. B. Line , C. H. Jordan , B. Pindor , R. L. Webster

We report the first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations during the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn from Phase II of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) experiment. HERA Phase II constitutes several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-27 The HERA Collaboration , Zuhra Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Rushelle Baartman , Rennan Barkana , Lindsay M. Berkhout , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Bruno B. Bizarria , Judd D. Bowman , Daniela Breitman , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Ruby Byrne , Steven Carey , Rajorshi Sushovan Chandra , Kai-Feng Chen , Samir Choudhuri , Tyler Cox , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Jiten Dhandha , Joshua S. Dillon , Scott Dynes , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Hugh Garsden , Adelie Gorce , Deepthi Gorthi , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna J. Hazelton , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Tian Huang , Daniel C. Jacobs , Alec Josaitis , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Yin-Zhe Ma , David H. E. MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Lisa McBride , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Nicel Mohamed-Hinds , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel F. Morales , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven G. Murray , Bojan Nikolic , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Simon Pochinda , Yuxiang Qin , Eleanor Rath , Nima Razavi-Ghods , Daniel Riley , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Saurabh Singh , Dara Storer , Hilton Swarts , Jianrong Tan , Emilie Thélie , Pieter van Wyngaarden , Michael J. Wilensky , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

The 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) but suffers from contamination by spectrally smooth foregrounds, which obscure the large-scale signal along the line of sight. We explore the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Wenzer Qin , Kai-Feng Chen , Katelin Schutz , Adrian Liu

Foregrounds with polarization states that are not smooth functions of frequency present a challenge to HI Epoch of Reionization (EoR) power spectrum measurements if they are not cleanly separated from the desired Stokes I signal. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-26 Zachary E. Martinot , James E. Aguirre , Saul A. Kohn , Immanuel Q. Washington

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm field and the galaxy distribution is a potential probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The 21 cm signal traces neutral gas in the intergalactic medium and, on large spatial scales, this should be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Paul La Plante , Jordan Mirocha , Adélie Gorce , Adam Lidz , Aaron Parsons

One key challenge in detecting 21 cm cosmological signal at z > 6 is to separate the cosmological signal from foreground emission. This can be studied in a power spectrum space where the foreground is confined to low delay modes whereas the…

Realizing the potential of 21 cm tomography to statistically probe the intergalactic medium before and during the Epoch of Reionization requires large telescopes and precise control of systematics. Next-generation telescopes are now being…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Joshua S. Dillon , Aaron R. Parsons

Detection of the weak cosmological signal from high-redshift hydrogen demands careful data analysis and an understanding of the full instrument signal chain. Here we use the WODEN simulation pipeline to produce realistic data from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-14 J. L. B. Line , C. M. Trott , N. Barry , D. Null , C. H. Jordan

Measuring one-point statistics in redshifted 21 cm intensity maps offers an opportunity to explore non-Gaussian features of the early universe. We assess the impact of instrumental effects on measurements made with the Hydrogen Epoch of…

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

The 21 cm signal from cosmic hydrogen is one of the most propitious probes of the early Universe. The detection of this signal would reveal key information about the first stars, the nature of dark matter, and early structure formation. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-07 Joe H. N. Pattison , Dominic J. Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo

The EoR 21-cm signal is expected to become highly non-Gaussian as reionization progresses. This severely affects the error-covariance of the EoR 21-cm power spectrum which is important for predicting the prospects of a detection with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-14 Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Suman Majumdar

Radio interferometers designed to probe the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation must contend with systematic effects that make it difficult to achieve sufficient dynamic range to separate the 21cm signal from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-24 Fraser Kennedy , Philip Bull , Michael Wilensky , Jacob Burba , Samir Choudhuri

In 21 cm cosmology, precision calibration is key to the separation of the neutral hydrogen signal from very bright but spectrally-smooth astrophysical foregrounds. The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), an interferometer…

The redshifted 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the epoch of reionization (EoR) is extremely weak and its first detection is therefore expected to be statistical with first-generation low-frequency radio interferometers. In this letter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Qian Zheng , Xiang-ping Wu , Jun-hua Gu , Jingying Wang , Haiguang Xu

We present a halo-model-based approach to calculate the cross-correlation between $\rm{21\,cm}$ HI intensity fluctuations and $\rm{Ly}\alpha$ emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Ionizing radiation around dark matter halos…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-06 Chang Feng , Asantha Cooray , Brian Keating

The redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Owing to the complex growth and morphology of ionized regions, the 21-cm brightness-temperature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Vishrut Pandya , Leon Noble , Suman Majumdar , Debanjan Sarkar , Mohd Kamran , Abhirup Datta

We introduce a new method for performing robust Bayesian estimation of the three-dimensional spatial power spectrum at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), from interferometric observations. The versatility of this technique allows us to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-06 Peter H. Sims , Lindley Lentati , Jonathan C. Pober , Chris Carilli , Michael P. Hobson , Paul Alexander , Paul Sutter