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Using large language models (LMs) for query or document expansion can improve generalization in information retrieval. However, it is unknown whether these techniques are universally beneficial or only effective in specific settings, such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Orion Weller , Kyle Lo , David Wadden , Dawn Lawrie , Benjamin Van Durme , Arman Cohan , Luca Soldaini

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating accurate responses relies heavily on the quality of input provided, particularly when employing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques. RAG enhances LLMs by sourcing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Spurthi Setty , Harsh Thakkar , Alyssa Lee , Eden Chung , Natan Vidra

Query expansion is an effective approach for mitigating vocabulary mismatch between queries and documents in information retrieval. One recent line of research uses language models to generate query-related contexts for expansion. Along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Linqing Liu , Minghan Li , Jimmy Lin , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

Long-context large language models (LLMs) hold promise for tasks such as question-answering (QA) over long documents, but they tend to miss important information in the middle of context documents (arXiv:2307.03172v3). Here, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Devanshu Agrawal , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek

Existing information retrieval systems excel in cases where the language of target documents closely matches that of the user query. However, real-world retrieval systems are often required to implicitly reason whether a document is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Peter Baile Chen , Tomer Wolfson , Michael Cafarella , Dan Roth

Getting relevant information from search engines has been the heart of research works in information retrieval. Query expansion is a retrieval technique that has been studied and proved to yield positive results in relevance. Users are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Onifade Olufade , Arise Abiola , Ogboo Chisom

In this work we describe a method to identify document pairwise relevance in the context of a typical legal document collection: limited resources, long queries and long documents. We review the usage of generalized language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Julien Rossi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their capacity to process long contexts. However, effectively utilizing this long context remains a challenge due to the issue of distraction, where irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zijun Wu , Bingyuan Liu , Ran Yan , Lei Chen , Thomas Delteil

Information retrieval systems are crucial for enabling effective access to large document collections. Recent approaches have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance retrieval performance through query augmentation, but often rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengcheng Jiang , Jiacheng Lin , Lang Cao , Runchu Tian , SeongKu Kang , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Automatic summarization of legal case judgements, which are known to be long and complex, has traditionally been tried via extractive summarization models. In recent years, generative models including abstractive summarization models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Aniket Deroy , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at text summarization, a task that requires models to select content based on its importance. However, the exact notion of salience that LLMs have internalized remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jan Trienes , Jörg Schlötterer , Junyi Jessy Li , Christin Seifert

Relevance Models are well-known retrieval models and capable of producing competitive results. However, because they use query expansion they can be very slow. We address this slowness by incorporating two variants of locality sensitive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Dominik Wurzer , Miles Osborne , Victor Lavrenko

As the legal community increasingly examines the use of large language models (LLMs) for various legal applications, legal AI developers have turned to retrieval-augmented LLMs ("RAG" systems) to improve system performance and robustness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lucia Zheng , Neel Guha , Javokhir Arifov , Sarah Zhang , Michal Skreta , Christopher D. Manning , Peter Henderson , Daniel E. Ho

Incomplete relevance judgments limit the re-usability of test collections. When new systems are compared against previous systems used to build the pool of judged documents, they often do so at a disadvantage due to the ``holes'' in test…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Chuan Meng , Leif Azzopardi , Mohammad Aliannejadi

With over 200 million published academic documents and millions of new documents being written each year, academic researchers face the challenge of searching for information within this vast corpus. However, existing retrieval systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gengchen Wei , Xinle Pang , Tianning Zhang , Yu Sun , Xun Qian , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong , Wanli Ouyang

In legal matters, text classification models are most often used to filter through large datasets in search of documents that meet certain pre-selected criteria like relevance to a certain subject matter, such as legally privileged…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Keith Huffman , Jianping Zhang , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Fusheng Wei , Peter Gronvall

To improve relevance scoring on Pinterest Search, we integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into our search relevance model, leveraging carefully designed text representations to predict the relevance of Pins effectively. Our approach uses…

Legal Case Retrieval (LCR), which retrieves relevant cases from a query case, is a fundamental task for legal professionals in research and decision-making. However, existing studies on LCR face two major limitations. First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chaeeun Kim , Jinu Lee , Wonseok Hwang

Identifying relevant legal precedents remains challenging, as most retrieval methods emphasize factual similarity over legal issues, and current systems often lack explanations clarifying case relevance. This paper proposes the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vishnuprabha V , Daleesha M Viswanathan , Rajesh R , Aneesh V Pillai

Users often make ambiguous requests that require clarification. We study the problem of asking clarification questions in an information retrieval setting, where systems often face ambiguous search queries and it is challenging to turn the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yizhou Chi , Jessy Lin , Kevin Lin , Dan Klein